78 BULLETIN 824, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
shells, brick dust, hellebore, pepper, sawdust, starch, sumac, and 
the like have been found less cen in samples examined. The 
ground stems of the Pyrethrum plant and powdered ox-eye daisy 
flowers constitute probably more than 90 per cent of the adulterants 
used in insect powder at this time. 
Physiological, chemical, and microscopical methods which can be 
used. satisfactorily in detecting adulteration with powdered stems 
and ox-eye daisy flowers have not yet been perfected to such a degree 
as to make an accurate quantitative determination possible. How- 
ever, from the data obtained in the examination of hundreds of 
samples of genuine insect powder, oi the materials used for its 
sophistication, and of commercial samples, the results of which are 
reported in this bulletin, it 1s possible to determine in an insect 
powder the approximate quantities of these adulterants if present. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
(1) ABEL, JOSEPH. 
Insect Powder. Am. J. Pharm., v. 32 (3d ser., v. 8), p. 520. 1860. 
(2) Auwoop, W. B. 
Pyrethrum Powder: Injurious Insects and Diseases of Plants, with 
Remedial Measures for the Same. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 24, pp. 
22-23.  Jan., 1893. 
(3) ANDRE, Ep. 
Les insectes et la poudre de pyréthre. Rev. hort., v. 76 (new ser., 
v. 4), no. 19, pp. 457--8. Oct. 1, 1904. 
(4) AnpRus, A. U. 
Insect Flowers and Powders. Pharm. Record, v. 8, no. 19, p. 316. 
Oct. 1, 1888. 
(5) ANONYMOUS. 
(Sumttoff) Die persische Kamille und das kaukasische Insekten- 
pulver. Arch. Pharm., v. 136 (2d ser., v. 86), pp. 375-6. 1856. ~ 
(6) Figs 
Persisches Insektenpulver. Wochbl. Land-Forstwirt., v. 8, no. 47, 
p. 256. Nov. 22, 1856. 
(7) | 
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ser., v. 94), pp. 378-9. 1858. 
(8) 
Persische Insectenpulver. Oesterr. Z. Pharm., v. 11, p. 487. <Ab- 
stract in Canstatt’s Jahresbericht uber die Fortschritte der gesammten 
Medicin in allen Landern im Jahre 1858, v. 5, p. 10. Wiirzburg, 1859. 
(9) | 
Persisches Insectenpulver. Bonplandia, v. 10, p. 342. 1862. 
(10) i 
Insectenpulver. J. pharm. soc. Anvers, 1862. Abstract in Z. oesterr. 
Apoth.-Ver., v. 1, p. 116. 1863. 
(Wa 
Insecticides. Pharm. J. Trans., v. 31 (8d ser., v. 2), no. 79, p. 530. 
Dec. 30, 1871. 
Ce) era 
Insektenpulver. Pharm. Ztg., v. 25, no. 40, p. 300. May 19, 1880. 
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Insectenpulver. Pharm. Ztg., v. 29, no. 52, p. 443. June 28, 1884. 
(14) 
Leucanthemum vulgare als Insektenpulver. Pharm. Ztg., v. 34, no. 
15, p. 118. Feb. 20, 1889. 
(15) : 
Caucasian Insect Flowers. Revue commerciale et industrielle de 
Caucase. Abstract in Chemist Druggist, v. 34, p. 408. Mar. 23, 1889. 
(16) 
Poisoning with Insect Powder. Chemist Druggist, v. 35, p. 557. 
Oct. 19, 1889. 
