FAMILY LIVING IN FARM HOMES. 31 
The figuresin Table 17 confirm the impression that among the farm 
families studied the extent of education received by the heads of fam- 
ilies bears a direct relation to the standard of living, by whatever 
method the latter is measured. Those with more education are 
spending more money and a larger proportion of it forthe less imme- 
Fiabe needs, and they are living in more valuable and better-furnished 
houses. They are also using a little more capital and probably 
employing a little more labor in their farm business, although they 
are not always operating a larger number of acres. 
The relation of the education received by sons and daughters 23 
years of age and older to various factors of home life and farm busi- 
ness is similarly shown in Tables 18 and 19. 
TABLE 18.—Relation of education of children to average total household expenditures and 
proportion thereof devoted to advancement in 92 families having children 23 years of — 
age or over among 402 farm families, Livingston County, N. Y.. for the year ended 
September 1, 1921. 
Families with at least 
one child in grade 
Total household expenditures per cost- 
consumption unit. 
Extent of education of - | Devoted to advance- 
children. | ment. 
Owner} Tenant) All |Owner|Tenant| All 
fami- | fami- | fami- | fami- | fami- | fami- 
lies. | lies. | lies. | lies. | lies. | lies. |Owner|Tenant| All 
| fami- | fami- fami- 
lies. | lies. lies. 
umtapne die ail) Por, pov ca 9 [io hy 
| . | 
No. No | No. | Dolls. | Dolls. | Dolls. | Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct. 
Less than eighth grade....... 13 3 | 16 441 584 468 41277'| 9358, oe’ Ts 
Eighth grade to less t 
fourth year high school.... 21 4 25 507 | 610 523 15.8 | 18.5 16.2 
High school graduate........ 20 4 24 565 | 575 567 | 20.3} 15.9 19.5 
_ lor 2 yearsin college.......-. 13 3 16 630 | 641 632 21.9 17.4 21.1 
3 or 4 years in college..--.... 8 3 11 924 742 87 28. 2 42.8 32.2 
TasBLe 19.—Relation of education received by sons or daughters 23 years of age or older to 
various factors of home life for the year ended September 1, 1921, and farm business, in 
92 farm families, Livingston County, N. Y., for the year ended March 1, 1919. 
Num-| Average total | Size of farm business. 
ber of | household ex- 
fami- | penditures per 
lies cost-consump- | Aver- 
with at tion unit. Aver- | age 
: least | age | value . 
mea tgs son or | “ot | house:| Actes |Capital) Vote 
daugh- Devot-| house. |furnish-| OP&- | 12 em- 
terin ed to ing ted. | vested | ployed. 
grade |Amount.| ad- 
nated. ment 
Dolls. | Per ct.| Dolls. | Dolls. No. Dolls. No. 
_ Less than eighth grade..........--.. 16 468 12.4 | 2,056 781 155 | 19,045 487 
Eighth grade toless than fourth year 
4g ET ER SS 0 ae eee 25 523 16.2} 2,168 7 153 | 22,088 480 
High school graduate...............- 24 5671 19.5] 2,567 1,008 169 | 20,048 460 
» 1 or 2 yearsin college: -.........--..- 16 632 21.1| 2,856 911 157 | 22,022 521 
) 3 or 4 years in college................ 11 | 874 32.2} 2,800 | 1,163 | 235 | 30, 295 594 
In order to include more families than the 92 with children old 
| enough to have finished college, a similar set of correlations was 
_ made (Table 20) for the 165 families with children 18 years of age or 
over, that is, old enough to have finished high school. 
