NN ll OO eo ll 
28 BULLETIN 1214, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
families studied increased business is accompanied by a more genero 
scale of family living. 
The proportion of the expenditures devoted to advancement is als 
seen to increase fairly regularly with the size of the farm business, 
however measured; but the variations between the averages for the 
individual groups are no more regular or significant than in the case 
of total expenditures. The use of the cost-consumption units here 
adopted thus tends to confirm the general belief that expenditures 
for advancement increase as families become more prosperous. It 
does not, however, indicate that the amount spent for advancement 
by the families in the present study gives a more trustworthy indi- 
cation of their standard of living than does the amount spentforall 
purposes. 
No analysis was made to show the relation of mortgages on the 
farm and personal indebtedness to family expenditures. The 
records indicate clearly, however, that neither of these conditions 
affected either the total family expenditures or the proportion de- 
voted to advancement. In other words, mortgages and personal 
debts did not seem to lower the standard of living among these 
families. 
VALUE OF HOUSE AND HOUSE FURNISHINGS. 
The house and its more important furnishings are among the. 
major assets of most families who own their farms, and on the tenant 
farms in the area here studied their value is also significant of the 
poe value of the farm property and of the economic ability of the 
amily to make its house comfortable and attractive. The relation 
that these items bear to expenditures for all purposes and for advance- 
ment is shown in Tables 14 and 15. 
TasL_E 14.—Relation of value of house to average total household expenditures and pro- 
portion thereof devoted to advancement among 402 farm families, Livingston County,- 
N. Y., for the year ended September 1, 1921. 
Average value of Total household expenditures per 
Number of houses. house. cost-consumption unit. 
Devoted to ad- 
: ; 2 j : vancement. 
Value of house. B 8 B : y 3 
= : = : % = a 3 1 
= ° ; we iH q on ' gi © 
E\a 4 gE & : Prat 2 ia +a 
~ ~ n n 
3 > a S a a 5 S| g Be] Ee E 
S| a = E S Das) E s a cia = | & 
z 3 fas 5) = 5 = 5 5 = 
fo) = =< fo) = < fo) = <q 19° = =< 
Dolls. | Dolls. | Dolls. |Dolls.|Dobls .|Dolls.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P. ct. 
Less than $1,000. ..... 16 ll 27 653 68 659 | 346 412-1: 373.) 9.8 isso lls 
$1,000 to $1,999. ...... 90| 28] 118] 1,318] 1,336] 1,822] 464] 532] 480] 15.5] 16.2] 15.6 
$2,000 to. $2,999....... 102 39 141 2, 166 2,144 2,160 | 571 604 580 | 18.6 | 21.0 19.3 
$3,000 to $3,999....... 45 15 60 3, 044 3, 033 3, 042 616 646 624 | 19.0] 17.9 18.8 
$4,000 to $4,999....... 22 6 28 | 4,068} 4,000} 4,054] 765) 755 | 763] 18.8/15.9| 18.2 
$5,000 and over....... 20 8| 28] 5,750| 5,750| 5,750| 931] 839] 905 | 23.9]17.0| 22.0 
Motels... i,a2ak - RET Ee oe eee ee ee ee ee ee PS ae er 
Average for 
alltamnhesSos3348 2 HALLS Lt 2,374 | 2,259 | 2,341 | 572] 608] 582|17.6| 180) 17.7 
