18 BULLETIN 1214, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TaBLE 7.—Extent of formal education received by at least one child in each of 100 oe 
families having children 18 years of age or older, in Livingston County, N. ¥. 
Grades or years completed. Owner families(139).] Tenant families (26).| All families (165). 
Number.| Per cent.| Number.| Per cent. | Number.| Per cent. 
15.4 23 13.9 
Less than eighth grade..................-. 19 13571 4 3 
Eighth grade to less than fourth year high 
a Us ESE Fier aay tie 8 oe aes | a 44 31.6 9 34.6 53 32.1 
High school graduate................-..... 43 30.9 7 27.0 50 30.3 
1 or 2 years in college. ........... eS 25 18.0 3 11.5 28 17.0 
3 /or.4 years in.college; 0.2. Jascctcceyexs sed 8 5.8 3 11}.5 ll 6.7 
TABLE 8.—Extent of formal education received by at least one child in each of 92 farm 
JSamilies having children 28 years of age or older, in Livingston County, N. Y. 
Grades or years completed. Owner families (75).| Tenant families (17).} All families (92). 
Number. | Per cent. | Number.| Per cent.| Number.| Per cent. 
13 17.3 3 16 
ess than eiebth erade: 2-2 Serr c sees tcak 17.6 17.4 
Eighth grade to less than fourth year high 
BOM DE Rett ots oe oe cic cuts cs Sead pete ae 21 28.0 4 23. 6 25 27.2 
mich senool praduate. .. 2.22 05.6. cecade 20 26. 7 t 23.6 24 26.0 
G27 ORNS AN. COUCEO.0 ucwoceweceemceee ets 13 17.3 3 17.6 16 17.4 
Bur 4 Wears in COMPO: .. . os. hcg eredicentee 8 10.7 3 17.6 ll 12.0 
In so far as these figures may be considered typical, at least five- 
sixths of the families kept children in school up to or beyond the 
eighth grade. Among families with children old enough to have 
finished high school, shghtly more than half had children who were 
high-school raduates. Among those with children old enough to 
have Gaiad a college course, about one-quarter had sent children 
to college for one or two years and about one-eighth for three or 
four years. 
Telephones were found in 272, or 67.7 per cent of the houses. 
The corresponding figures as shown in the 1920 census ** are 47.6 per 
cent for New York State, 44.5 per cent for the Middle Atlantic divi- 
sion, and 38.7 per cent for the United States. Telephones were more 
common in four States than in the Livingston County area. 
From the figures quoted and from other information on the sched- 
ules, it would appear that the Livingston County families devoted 
about one-sixth of their total expenditures to advancement. Most 
of the homes contained some books and an abundant supply of peri- 
odicals. The great majority had some kind of musical instrument, 
most commonly a piano or a phonograph, and not infrequently both. 
The families devoted 2 per cent of their total expenditures to religious 
organizations and the adults attended church services oftener than 
twice a month. Three-quarters of the families owned automobiles 
and spent an average of $86 a year in running them for household 
purposes and pleasure. Moreover, there was an average expenditure 
of $12 a year for other forms of travel. These statements confirm 
the opinion that the standard of living in this area is above the aver- 
age for the country at large. 
16 Selected Farm Expenses, Cooperation, and Farm Facilities. W. L. Austin. U.S. Dept. Com., Bur. 
Census, 14th Census Repts., Vol. 5, pp. 512-514. 1923. 
