FAMILY LIVING IN FARM HOMES. 17 
Aside from expenditures for various purposes, a few other items 
were recorded which it was felt might indicate something of the 
degree of advancement enjoyed or desired by these families. Among 
these were the extent of education received, the reading matter 
provided at home, and the prevalence of telephones. 
An attempt is made in Table 6 to show the amount of formal 
education received by operators and home makers in the 402 families. 
Such a classification is difficult because of the wide variety of schools 
attended and the many lines of training followed. Courses believed 
to have equivalent educational value were grouped together regard- 
less of the designation of the institutions in which they were given. 
In the case of education above the eighth grade, the number of terms 
spent in a high school and the number of years spent in college were 
used as measures. 
TABLE 6.—Formal education received by operator and home maker in 402 farm families in 
_ Lwingston County, N. Y. 
Extent of education of operator and home-}| Owner families Tenant families All families 
maker. (295). (107). (402). 
Number. | Per cent. | Number. | Per cent. | Number.| Per cent. 
135 3 49 45.8 184 5. 
Neither more than eighth grade........... 45.8 45.8 
One, eighth grade; other, 1 or more yearsin 
high 27 Le Ge MR ee ie eine: Ae 78 26.4 31 29.0 109 V1 
Both 1 or 2 yearsin high school. .........- 47 16.0 13 12. 2 60 14.9 
Both 3 or 4 yearsin high school. .2.<./3<22-: 22 7.5 6 5.6 28 7.0 
One, 3 or 4 years in high school; other, 1 or 
more years in college ..............-.---- 6 2.0 5 4.7 11 2.7 
Both 1 or more years in college...........- 7 2.4 3 2.8 10 2.5 
In the area studied there was one consolidated school; otherwise 
the children in the elementary grades went to small rural schools 
with one teacher. Few under high-school grade were obliged to be 
away from.home over week-ends in order to attend school. For high- 
school or normal-school courses some boys and girls could get to and 
from home each day, but the majority had to live in near-by towns at 
least during the week. Many of these took provisions from home and 
did their own cooking to keep down expenses. All college students 
lived away from home. 
It was not feasible in the present study to record how regularly 
children of various ages attended school or at what age all stopped 
going to school. In the case of families with children 18 years old 
or over—that is, old enough to have finished high school—note was 
taken of the grade at which their formal education ended. There 
were 165 such families, and in Table 7 are given the number and 
proportion of these who withdrew the children at various grades and 
their distribution between owner and tenant families. Corresponding 
figures for the 92 families having children 23 years of age or older— 
that is, old enough to have finished college—are given in Table 8. 
65834°—24—Bull. 1214-3 
