6 BULLETIN 1474, XT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Faweett (9) reports finding pycnidia of Phomopsis in California 
and suggestions of melanose on citrus leaves. Fruit picked from 
branches containing dead stems developed typical stem-end decay. 
This California Phomopsis seemed sufficiently distinct from P. citri 
to be described as a new species, to which he gave the name Phomop- 
sis calif omica n. sp. 
Dozier (4) states that melanose is of rather rare occurrence on the 
Satsuma in the Gulf coast region, but during the summer following 
the severe freeze of 1924 this disease developed on Satsuma leaves in 
Alabama. 
Faweett (8) shows that P. citri makes its most rapid growth on 
culture media at about 27% ° C, but makes a good growth at tem- 
peratures as low as 18.5° and as high as 30°. Above 32° no growth 
was observed, and at 7.5° only slight growth took place over the 
period of observation. 
Cobb (3) mentions a disease in Australia resembling melanose in 
many respects. He found in the affected spots a distinct fungus 
which he illustrated, but he failed to name or describe it. He be- 
lieved this fungus to be the cause of the disease. Later, McAlpine 
(15) described this organism as Cladosporium brunneo-atrum n. sp. 
McAlpine states that the Australian disease attacks the sweet orange 
only, whereas the Florida disease is known to attack many species of 
citrus. Pathological differences between the two diseases are re- 
corded. Owen (16) reports the successful control of the Australian 
melanose with applications of Bordeaux mixture. 
Trabut (23) reports the occurrence of a melanose disease on man- 
darins and in these spots found a fungus which he considers the 
cause of the disease. To this fungus he gives the nomen nudum Sep- 
toria glauscens, but he fails to state its habitat. 
Lee (14), while conducting spraying experiments in Japan on 
citrus, found a blemish identical in appearance with citrus melanose 
that developed to a considerable extent on trees sprayed with Bor- 
deaux mixture and Burgundy mixture, whereas few, if any, blem- 
ishes developed on those sprayed with formalin or with lime-sulphur 
solution, or even on the unsprayed checks. From the writer's ex- 
perience in Florida this blemish would seem to be spray injury. 
Home (13) mentions finding typical melanose spots on grapefruit 
from the Isle of Pines, West Indies, and later when the fruit went 
down with stem-end decay he isolated Phomopsis from the affected 
tissue. Laboratory studies showed this organism to be distinct from 
Phomopsis citri Faweett. He describes this new fungus and suggests 
for it the name Phomopsis caribaea) n. sp. 
It thus seems that there are in the literature at least four distinct 
markings, each of which is called melanose, and which appear to be 
caused by different agents ; namely, the Florida disease, caused by P. 
citri Faweett; Trabut's disease, presumably caused by the fungus 
Septoria glauscens Trabut, nomen nudum ; the Australian disease, at- 
tributed to Cladosporium brunneo-atrum McAlpine; and the Japa- 
nese blemish, which is probably a type of spray burn. On the basis of 
priority it would seem that the Florida disease should be entitled to 
the name melanose. There is also the possibility that two other spe- 
cies of Phomopsis, P. calif omica and P. caribaea, produce melanose 
blemishes. 
