CEREAL EXPERIMENTS AT CHICO. CALIF. 
17 
Baart was introduced, under the name Early Baart, from Australia 
by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1900. It did not 
become an important commercial variety in California until 1919, 
when it was widely distributed. Early Baart is a tall slender-strawed 
bearded wheat with white chaff and straw and large semihard kernels. 
It is more susceptible to shattering than Pacific Bluestem. In 
common with other varieties it does not shatter so readily when 
winter or spring sown as when fall sown. At Chico Baart begins 
heading from 14 to 20 days earlier than Pacific Bluestem. depending 
on the date of seeding, and ripens from 4 to 8 days earlier. The 
difference in time of maturity decreases with the later sowings. The 
widespread distribution of this variety is due to its improved quality, 
its producing capacity, and its earliness. which makes it adapted 
to the drier lands. 
Wk 
M 
Fig. 3.— An increase field of Hard Federation wheat. C I. Xo. 4733, showing erect, strong stems 45 inches 
tall, at Chico, Calif., in 1920. 
THE FEDERATION" VARIETIES. 
The Federation, Hard Federation, and White Federation varieties 
originated in Australia and are of common ancestry. They are dis- 
tinct varieties but have a number of characteristics in common. 
Hard Fed € ration. — Hard Federation (Fig. 3) is an early short and 
strong-strawed beardless wheat with brown glumes and white straw, 
small white kernels, and good nonshattering qualities. It matures 
from two to four days earlier than Baart. It is a hard wheat with 
short plump kernels, strongly resembling Marquis in shape. The 
kernels are uniformly vitreous in texture and usually verv free from 
the whitish starchy spots which are equivalent to yellow terry in the 
hard red wheats. The variety also shows a curious twisting and curl- 
48604—23 3 
