16 BULLETIN 110, tf. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
explainable reason the oil did not emulsify and when the steers were 
dipped the first time several were badly blistered, and the hair and 
hide peeled off the legs and the lower part of the body of almost all 
the animals. During the remainder of the test the steers were 
greased by hand after being confined, one by one, in a chute. The 
steers made fairly satisfactor}^ gams in spite of all of these unfavor- 
able circumstances. In 1911 the dipping vat was filled with the 
official arsenical solution, and no difficulties or unfavorable results 
were encountered. 
PRICES AND FEEDS USED. 
Cottonseed cake and alfalfa hay were used in addition to the 
pasture. The pasture was used in all of the tests, the cottonseed cake 
was used for about one-half the lots, and the alf alf a hay was fed in one 
case only. The cottonseed cake was charged against the steers at 
the market price, and an estimated price, corresponding as nearly as 
possible to the market price, was placed upon the alfalfa hay. The 
following values were placed upon the feeds : 
Cottonseed cake per ton . . $26. 00 
Alfalfa hay do 16. 00 
Pasture (per head) per month. . . 50 
The hay was practically all freshly cut alfalfa and was of excellent 
quality. The cottonseed cake was not of the best quality. That 
used in 1910, or a part of it at least, got wet while it was being hauled 
from the mill to the farm; and a part of this cake had been carried 
over and was fed in 1911. The steers ate it up clean, however. The 
cake had been broken into nut size and sacked at the mill. 
In regard to feeding cake rather than meal, the statement in a 
former publication is here quoted: 
This cake can be purchased in the large cake size, just as it conies from the press, for 
about $2 a ton cheaper than in the nut size . Some feeders find that it pays to break the 
cake on their own farms. The cake is the same as cottonseed meal, except that it is not 
ground into meal. There are several advantages in feeding cake in place of meal, 
especially in summer feeding. A rain does not render the cake unpalatable, but it will 
often put the meal in such a condition that the cattle will not eat it. Again, no loss is 
incurred with the cake during windy days, whereas the meal, when fed in the open 
pasture, is sometimes wasted on account of the winds. Furthermore, the cake requires 
chewing before being swallowed, and therefore must be eaten very much slower than 
the meal, so when a number of steers are being fed together the greedy one has little 
chance to get enough cake to produce scours. When cottonseed meal is fed the greedy 
steer often scours because he can bolt the meal and get more than his share; this not 
only injures the steer but makes the bunch "feed out" unevenly. 
DAILY RATIONS. 
When steers are fattened on pastures in the Western States it is the 
custom to feed large amounts of grain, principally corn. As a result 
of feeding these heavy rations — sometimes as much as 20 pounds of 
