18 BULLETIN 482, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE XI.—Relation of size of business (measured by operating expenses) to 
labor income. 
Average Value of ‘Labor 
Number | Farm operating | total pro- 
Operating expenses. 
ofrecords.| area. expenses acion income. 
Acres 
Sa OO0LOTIESS Re ee Ss See oon te RS aes ee 48 143 $2, 236 $2, 955 $323 
S35 O01 FORD O00 224 oy eos ee ce eee ee 63 234 3, 785 4,932 548 
SOOT COS OOO Ms Sonera nec he haere eee 30 320 5, 787 7,651 786 
OR MEE TA 0 tee eee SUS eee ee ee mrs See ees was 37 648 10, 022 13, 461 1,393 
PAT TanIMmsaen ae aes Sat ee ee Oe 178 310 5, 001 6, 630 686 
RELATION OF SIZE OF BUSINESS TO LABOR INCOME. 
The size of the farm in this region is an unreliable measure of 
the size of the farm business, owing to the fact that many farms with 
a comparatively small arceage have a larger business than is con- 
ducted on farms much larger in area. The operating expenses, how- 
ever, give an approximately accurate measure of the size of business. 
In Table XI, showing the relation of the size of business to labor 
income, the farms are sorted.into groups on the basis of operating 
expenses. It will be observed that the labor income increases with 
the size of business. 
TYPES OF FARMS. 
Table XII shows the farms grouped on the basis of type. Judg- 
ing from the mere outward appearance of all the farms studied, 
except the 10 dairy farms, there would seem to be one general 
type of farm. All raise about the same crops and handle about 
the same classes of live stock. The differences lie in the relative 
percentage of receipts from live stock, tobacco, and other crops, 
which affects the organization and thus distinguishes specific types. 
The stock farms require less labor in proportion to size of business 
and to size of: farm than farms of the tobacco or the dairy type. 
Stock farming, to be profitable, requires relatively a large amount 
of capital invested in live stock and less per acre in land. Tobacco, 
on the other hand, is a highly specialized enterprise, requiring a 
large amount of labor per acre of crops and yielding much greater 
returns per acre than live stock. (See Table XII.) 
1The tobacco type includes all farms that have 50 per cent or more of their receipts 
from tobacco, with not over 30 per cent from any one other source. 
Tobacco-stock farms have 75 per cent or more of their receipts from tobacco and live 
stock combined, the income from neither being below 30 per cent. 
. The general mixed type includes all farms that do not fall into any of the other types. 
Stock farms with tobacco have 50 per cent or more of their receipts from live stock, ~ 
with not over 30 per cent from any one other source. 
Stock farms with no tobacco have 50 per cent or more of their receipts from live stock, 
but grow no tobacco. : 
Dairy farms have 50 per cent or more of their receipts from dairy products. 
