16 BULLETIN 272, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Cost per 1,000 
Logginge—Continued. ; board feet. 
Ratlroading: .s6 503i Sh ee ee ee a ee $2. 10 to $3. 10 
Depreciation and overhead charge._--...22...---202-----25-2- _ 60E S200 
5.50 = 8. 00 
Milling: a 
Por AT Aeshna ey SRR eRe gin Re Ys A ae TO Sea ey ghee Sak 1.95 to 3.00 
Nica elite Ge ae Se ee et ne ete aa ay eee ee TS8o": 272) OD 
Depreciation and overhead charge............----..---------- . 95 1. 50 
4.75 ~. 7.00 
Totals eS oer: Ss as a eee ee ee 10. 25 to 15. 00 
The lesser figure for total cost will appear low for smaller opera- 
tions in scattered cypress along the Atlantic coast, where complete 
manufacture costs from $13 to $16. In the large tracts of the Mis- 
sissippi delta, with heavy yields per acre on relatively stable soils 
and large-scale operations, the cost averages from $9 to $13 per 
thousand. Logging is more expensive than milling by from $1 to $3, 
and milling averages from $5 to $7 per thousand feet, because of the 
large amount of defective or pecky material, close utilization, and 
small sizes run through the mill. In Louisiana, where the larger 
companies pay for practically every operation of manufacture by 
the thousand feet, lumber is produced at the lowest average cost. 
GRADES. 
Cypress is manufactured and handled in the trade under detailed 
and very satisfactory inspection rules. The grading rules adopted 
by the Southern Cypress Manufacturers’ Association,t composed of 
about 50 producing companies, are in most general use. Their seven 
major grades and great number of finish grades are well defined and 
allow of a marked uniformity. Odd as well as even lengths above 4 
feet have been for some years standard, with certain limitations as to 
the proportional amount of odd lengths. The major grades are tank 
stock, first and second clear, selects, shop (two grades), selected com- 
mon tank stock, barn or dimension (two grades), cull or peck. The 
National Hardwood Lumber Association and the Hardwood Manu- 
facturers’ Association both use the rules of the Southern Cypress 
Manufacturers’ Association. 
At the saw there has been a gradual decline in the average quality 
of the lumber, due chiefly to logging in situations less favorable for 
growth, in tracts formerly culled of the best trees, and closer utiliza- 
tion. Records kept continuously for the past 5 or 10 years show a 
marked decline in the percentage of clears and selects, and corre- 
sponding increases in shop, and especially common. 
1 Mr, George E. Watson, Secretary, Hibernia Bank Building, New Orleans, La, 
