PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES. 15 
The apparently large increase in the cut of tupelo, which includes 
black gum, during 1915 is believed to be due to the fact that in pre- 
vious years many mills in the Atlantic and Central States reported 
their cut of black gum under red gum. The actual cut of tupelo in 
1915 was undoubtedly less than in 1911. In Louisiana, where the 
mills distinguish between tupelo and red gum, the cut of tupelo was 
one-third less. 
The rather consistent decline in the cut of hickory lumber, while 
pointing to the exhaustion of hickory stumpage in many sections, 
really indicates that hickory timber is more and more being cut, as 
recommended by the Forest Service, into more profitable dimension 
stock for handle and vehicle manufacturers. Dimension stock is not 
reported as lumber. The hickory lumber reported should, according 
to the best standard of utilization, be thick stock for the special indus- 
tries demanding hickory. 
The unusually big production of walnut lumber in 1915 was 
largely caused by orders for thick lumber to be manufactured into 
gunstocks for use in Europe. 
In the portion of the bulletin which follows, the principal kinds of 
lumber are discussed separately. While the computed total cut of 
each wood is shown in the tables, only the actual production reported 
by the mills is given for each State, since it is felt that this indicates 
sufficiently a State's relative position as a producer of each wood. 
The average values given in the tables following were compiled 
from reports made by about one-half of the 16,815 mills which re- 
ported their lumber cut. Values were reported, however, by a part of 
each class of mills in each State, and the weight of the production of 
each class was considered in the computations, so the results are very 
fair average values. Differences in State values are due only in part 
to distance from consuming markets and to supply and demand. 
Other factors are quality of timber, how well the lumber is manu- 
factured, and the efficiency of sales organizations. 
In the case of those kinds of wood comprising more than one 
species recognized by the lumber trade, the principal species cut in 
each State are noted in the tables. The standard name given for 
each species is that adopted by the Forest Service, and is in most 
cases the one now used by the lumber trade. The Latin scientific 
names of all species are given to facilitate reference, especially in the 
case of foreign readers. 
YELLOW PINE. 
Yellow pine lumber is produced chiefly in the Southern States. 
Three species — the longleaf, loblolly, and shortleaf — supply most of 
the stumpage, while minor yellow pines are cut to a limited extent. 
The lumber known commercially as North Carolina pine, and coming 
