28 
BULLETIN 506, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
and the Northeast, and to some extent in the Lake States. A great 
deal of the ash lumber cut in the Lake States comes from the black 
ash {Fraxinus nigra), while the same species is cut to considerable 
extent in the Northeast. Green ash {Fraxinus lanceolata) is the 
principal source of ash lumber in the Southern States. The lumber 
trade divides ash lumber into white ash and brown ash; white-ash 
lumber is cut from the white ash and green-ash tree, while brown-ash 
lumber comes from the black-ash tree. In the Pacific Coast States, 
Oregon ash {Fraxinus oregona) is sometimes cut, while red ash 
{Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is used to a limited extent in the East. 
Table 23. — Reported production of ash lumber, 1915. 
[Computed total production in United States, 190,000 M feet b. m.] 
State. 
Principal species cut. 
Number 
of active 
mills 
report- 
ing. 
Quantity- 
reported, 
Mieet 
b. m. 
Per 
cent. 
Average 
value per 
M feet 
f. o. b. 
mill. 
3,486 
159,910 
100.0 
$22. 15 
Green 
87 
193 
49 
213 
238 
273 
174 
79 
702 
156 
1,322 
18,957 
15, 233 
14, 602 
13,733 
11,006 
8,616 
7,839 
7,381 
7,163 
6,966 
48,414 
11.8 
9.5 
9.1 
8.6 
6.9 
5.4 
4.9 
4.6 
4.5 
4.4 
30.3 
23.35 
do 
23.37 
do 
22.47 
White and black 
19.96 
White 
do 
23.75 
Ohio 
24.59 
21.36 
Green 
22.51 
White and black 
23.90 
White 
23.69 
All other States (see Summary, 
p. 40). 
COTTONWOOD. 
Cottonwood lumber .is cut from a number of related species. 
Common cottonwood {Populus deltoides) furnishes the bulk of the 
lumber. It is found in the whole country east of the Eocky Moun- 
tains, b 4 ut is lumbered principally in the lower Mississippi Valley. 
Swamp cottonwood {Populus heterophylla) is cut with common 
cottonwood in the lower Mississippi Valley States. 
Aspen (or popple) {Populus tremuloides) , often called poplar, is 
cut mostly in the Lake States and the Northeast, but also occasionally 
in the Eocky Mountains and westward. 
Large-toothed aspen {Populus grandidentata) , an eastern species, 
is not usually distinguished from the other. 
Balm of Gilead {Populus balsamifera) , commonly known as balm, 
is cut in the Lake States and eastward. 
Black cottonwood {Populus trichocarpa) is lumbered on the Pacific 
coast. It is the largest of the cottonwoods. 
