BARRIER FACTORS IX GIPSY MOTH TREE-BANDING MATERIAL. 13 
tlie strip of paper (3) was placed in its way. horizontally (in horizontal relation 
to stake), then got on the paper and finally on the writer's hand and arm. 
The caterpillar was placed a fourth time. It began rearing and swinging 
its head quite violently when about 3 inches below the band, and at 2 inches 
below reared and swung its head so violently as to turn almost completely 
around. It did not advance, however, on swinging back to its former position 
on the stake ; instead it reared, swung round as before, and started downward, 
the interposed strip of paper failing to check it or to cause it to turn upward 
again. 
The caterpillar was placed a fifth time. It hesitated noticeably at the start 
and swung its head two or three times when about 1 inch from the band, thence 
crawled slowly and when close to the band reached up and touched it with the 
first pair of legs and mouth parts, following which it swung down. This was 
repeated soon after, and again soon after that, touching it three times instead 
of once. After a pause about 1 inch below the band, it got to the band again, 
slowly, and swinging on as before touched it twice, then swung down and 
crawled downward, coming to rest finally on the strip of paper, which was 
placed in its way (about 3 inches below the band), and which it approached 
without hesitation. On becoming active soon afterwards it turned around, got io 
the stake again, and started to crawl up it, but swung down almost at once. and. 
turning round, crawled the full length of the strip of paper to the writer's 
hand. 
When placed a sixth time the caterpillar hesitated at the start, crawled np 
slowly, and stopped altogether about 1 inch below the band {opposite the 
bridge). On resuming soon after (at a diagonal), it got to the band (but? 
part) and swung up toward it but swung quickly down — touching it lightly if 
at all. Then it got around nearer to the bridged part and swung up, close to 
the latter, with the first pair of legs, and after touching the bare material with 
its mouth parts swung over on the bridge. Touching here (on the cloth) once or 
twice, it swung off the band altogether. It swung back, however, on the bridge, 
and, continuing upward, along the edge, crawled up and across. . (The cloth 
was moist — saturated — and the difference in odor between the bridged and bare 
parts of the band was slight.) 
The caterpillar was placed a seventh time. It moved up slowly, and when 
about f inch below the band K reared and- swung the fore part of its body three 
times, seemingly as if it might turn downward each time. This was repeated 
about i inch farther up ; then the caterpillar crawled hesitatingly to the band 
and reached up with the first pair of legs, but on touching it also with its mouth 
parts it swung down quickly and turned downward. It turned upward again, 
however, after getting twice into the flour-paste band (4) (which was placed in 
its way in the same manner as 3) with its mouth parts — for several seconds the 
first time and for two seconds the next— but soon turned downward and on get- 
ting into the paste band again, with the first pair of legs as well as with the 
mouth parts, it turned upward once more. After two or three pauses and some 
swinging of the head, it reached the band (on the opposite side from the 
bridge). It swung on with the first pair of legs, but on touching it with the 
mouth parts it swung quickly down again. It swung on and off, as above, at 
short intervals, at different points on the band, six more times — touching it 
thrice, several times before swinging down — following which, the eighth time, 
it swung upon the bridged part, and in this instance it continued upward — hesi- 
tatingly, and so crawled across, continuing to the top of the stake (1.13 p. m.). 
The caterpillar got off the cloth slightly, on bare banding material, at least four 
times, twice on each side, while crossing. 
Previous to this, caterpillars were, in the same manner, compelled to cross 
similar bands, with bridges respectively 1 inch, £ inch, and \ inch wide. 
SERIES III. 
Finally, in a third and last series, caterpillars in several instances 
were forced, by means of flour-paste (flour and water) and flour- 
molasses bands, into and on much higher (higher than themselves), 
and in some cases wider, naked (horizontal) gipsy moth tree-banding 
material bands: and in two cases where the banding material was 
rather firm the caterpillars actually crossed the bands. On the other 
hand, efforts in the reverse process, as a check measure, to compel 
M See footnote on p. 9. 
