6 BULLETIN 550, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
were the first in which spraying was attempted as a primary means 
of reducing its destructiyeness. 
Gathering and burning grape leayes in the fall, to destroy the hiber- 
nating insects, was recommended first by Walsh and Riley (1). 
This recommendation remained in good standing until it was oues- 
tioned by Webster (5) , because he was unable to rear any moths from 
collected leayes, and since that time it has appeared less frequently. 
Slingerland recognized the general futility of this practice and 
termed it ''the least effective measure." 
The bagging of clusters to prevent infestation was first recommended 
by Lintner (2) . 
Picking and destroying infested fruit was recommended by Bogue 
(6) in a general way. Slingerland (9) recommended the picking 
of grape berries infested by first-brood larvae and also advised the 
destruction of the "trimmings." 
Burying the hibernating pupae by plowing was also first suggested 
by Slingerland (9) . 
Marlatt (3) first recommended spraying, but did so doubtfully, for 
at that time the berry moth was regarded as a general feeder. 
Following this both Beach (4) and Bogue (6) disparaged spray- 
ing as "of little value." Webster (5), however, observed that the 
pest could be controlled by spraying, and Felt (7) reported, as 
an incidental to rootworm control, that spraying had reduced the 
berry-moth infestation 50 per cent. 
Slingerland's work, mentioned above, was followed by a number of 
important contributions. Gossard and Houser (11), in Ohio, 
recommended the addition of soap to an arsenical spray and the use 
of ''trailers" in applying it. A thorough life-history study, the first 
upon which a satisfactory spray schedule could be based, was made 
by Johnson and Hammar (16) and a combination of control 
measures was recommended. Goodwin (19), in Ohio, recorded 
satisfactory results by spraying, using 3 pounds of arsenate of lead 
(powdered) to 50 gallons of liquid, an adhesive, and an application 
with ''trailers.'' 1 His spray schedule differed from the preceding by 
being directed largely against the second-brood larvae. 
CONTROL EXPERIMENTS AT NORTH EAST, PA. 
Experiments to establish a control for the grape-berry moth, con- 
ducted at North East, Pa., were carried on in vineyards on a com- 
mercial scale whenever possible. Vineyards chosen for experimental 
work were those which had been infested heavily the previous season 
and as far as possible those in which the infestation had been dis- 
tributed rather evenly. 
To determine the degree of success of the different methods tried 
in vineyards, whenever it was feasible, counts were made of the sound 
