8 BULLETIN 550, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
The rearing records show clearly the value of winter exposure in a 
vineyard in reducing the number of moths that will be present the 
following season. 
A comparison of Lot III with Lot I shows how plowing, if inju- 
diciously practiced, may increase vineyard infestation. If a furrow 
is thrown up to the vines in late fall, after the larvae have spun their 
cocoons under the vines, it will give the hibernating pupa? winter 
protection. And if the earth is plowed away before the time of 
moth emergence, these artificially protected insects are released. 
It is obvious that the protection of hibernating pupae should be 
avoided whenever practicable. Plowing to the vines in late fall 
after harvest should be avoided as far as possible. Hedge rows and 
brush along vineyards should be removed. This last coincides with 
good vineyard practice and is of value also in reducing danger of leaf- 
hopper injury. 
Unnecessary Shade. 
Shade in a vineyard favors the berry moth. Where the growth is 
vigorous and the foliage dense, or where vines have been trained so 
as to give an unusual amount of shade, the infestation invariably is 
heavier than in adjacent parts of the vineyard or in vines giving less 
shade. Vigorous growth is desired, of course, but when horticultural 
considerations do not prevent, vine training systems which give 
unusual shade should be avoided. 
DESTRUCTION OF LEAVES IN FALL. 
Destruction of the hibernating generation in the cocoon, the first 
control measure to be recommended, was tried in the fall of 1914. 
zn. a small block in the McDonald vineyard the writer attempted 
removing cocoons by raking out the leaves under the trellis. Upon 
examination of the leaves thus collected it was found that practically 
all of the cocoons had fallen out. In the following season when 
counts of berries infested by first-brood larvae were made no difference 
between this block and the check was noted. 
During the seasons of 1914, 1915, and 1916 the writer and his 
associates collected approximately 30,000 cocoons for rearing. No 
system could be devised to aid in collecting these cocoons and the 
work was necessarily done by hand. It was always a slow and 
tedious process and is impracticable' as a means of control, since the 
cocoons are usually spun, except in very dry seasons, in leaves that 
are sodden and ready to fall apart, and not in fresh, crisp leaves. 
Frequently the cocoons are spun in the leafage of chickweed and 
sorrel and in other leaves which ordinarily would escape collection. 
