CONTROL OF THE GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. 13 
The effect of this treatment is to prevent the moths from escaping 
through the covering of earth. 
In a number of vineyards where this method of control has been 
practiced, check rows were maintained in which the earth was 
removed early in the season, in order to determine, if possible, the 
effects of the practice. No definite results were obtained. If small 
checks were left the flight of moths obscured the results altogether; 
and in larger checks variation of infestation interfered. In some 
vineyards the infestation appeared to be reduced greatly, but in none 
was it controlled. 
The principle of this practice was proven correct, however, by a 
small experiment in the insectary yard during the season of 1916. 
Three lots of 300 cocoons each, collected in the fall of 1915 and 
wintered in the insectary yard, were placed in 8-inch flowerpots. Two 
lots were covered with from 2\ to 3 inches of earth; the third was 
left uncovered. The emergence record totals as follows: 
From 600 cocoons buried under earth no moths emerged. 
From 300 cocoons not buried 103 moths emerged. 
In a number of small lots 60 cocoons were placed in glass vials 
where the action of the moths after emergence could be observed. 
These cocoons were covered with earth at depths varying from \ 
inch to 3 inches. Upon emergence none of the moths were able to 
work their way upward through the covering of earth. It should be 
remembered, however, that results as satisfactory as these can not be 
expected under field conditions. 
" Horse hoeing" away from the vines, if done during the grape 
blossoming period, would also destroy grape-rootworm pupae which 
are transforming at that time (13, 18). 
SPRAYING. 
Experiments with poison sprays were conducted during each of the 
three seasons. All of the vineyards but one were planted to Concord 
grapes, which is the standard variety for this grape-producing region. 
In 1916 experiments were conducted also in a single vineyard of 
Niagara grapes. 
Weather conditions affecting spraying operations and results 
differed strikingly during the three seasons. Records from the 
Weather Bureau station at Erie, Pa., on Lake Erie, 16 miles west of 
North East, showed that in 1914 the months of July and August 
were nearly normal. The next year was colder with excessive rains 
during these two months, while the corresponding period of 1916 
was very warm and dry. The average mean temperature for these 
two months in 1915 was 2.4° below normal and the rainfall was 7.95 
inches above normal. In 1916 the average mean temperature was 
3.7° above normal and the rainfall was 3.39 inches below normal. 
