30 BULLETIN 550, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE*. 
Amount of adhesive necessary. — Resin fish-oil soap or laundry soap 
used at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of liquid gave good results 
as a "sticker" and spreader. Potash fish-oil soap without resin was 
used at the rate of 2 pounds to 50 gallons of liquid. 
NICOTINE SULPHATE. 
Forty per cent nicotine sulphate was utilized in sprays every year 
in some of the vineyards against the grape leafhopper. This sub- 
stance was used at the rate of 1 part to 1,600 parts of liquid in the 
last grape-berry moth spray. In 1915 it was used in both of the 
applications against the berry moth. In none of the plats on which 
it was used was there any indication that nicotine sulphate added to 
or detracted from the value of the spray mixture, so far as grape- 
berry moth control was concerned. 
RELATION OF FUNGICIDES. 
Bordeaux mixture had no insecticidal or repellent value, so far as 
the grape-berry moth was concerned. (Miller and Carlburg vine- 
yard, Plat VII, 1915.) However, the addition of this fungicide 
seemed to be advantageous. Besides reducing the danger of burning 
by the arsenate of lead and soap combination it gave to the spray 
mixture physical qualities which lessened the tendency to collect 
on the lower surface of the berry. 
The relation of neutral acetate of copper to arsenate of lead and 
soap was tried in an experiment on a small scale. It was thought 
that this nonstaining fungicide might be substituted for Bordeaux 
mixture if an August spray were adopted. One pound of neutral 
acetate of copper and 1 pound of soap to 50 gallons of water were 
mixed and applied to a few vines. The result was unsatisfactory. 
No injury to the foliage resulted, but the soap and neutral copper 
acetate hi combination stained the grapes fully as objectionably as 
the soap and Bordeaux combination. 
It had been demonstrated previously that the Burgundy mixture 
should not be used in combination with an arsenical, and it was not 
tried. 
LIME. 
When for any reason it was desired to omit Bordeaux mixture 
from the spray combination of arsenate of lead and soap, lime was 
added at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of liquid. 
INJURY DUE TO SPRAYING. 
Combinations of arsenate of lead and soap with Bordeaux mixture 
or lime caused no injury to foliage in any of the three seasons of 
experimental work. If " nicotine sulphate 40 per cent" at the rate 
of 1 part to 1,600 parts of liquid was added to this solution it also was 
