CONTROL OF THE GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. 41 
foliage by the combination of arsenate of lead and soap. Lime at 
the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons may be substituted instead. Since 
it is very rarely that the fungicidal spray can be omitted with profit, 
the use of Bordeaux mixture is preferred. 
This spraying combination should control any infestation of the 
grape-berry moth, such as the writer has observed during three sea- 
sons in the Erie-Chautauqua grape belt, and has been applied suc- 
cessfully under very unfavorable weather conditions. If, however, 
through faulty spray materials or work, or adverse weather at the 
time of spraying, these applications fail to control the first-brood 
larvae, they may be supplemented by a third application five or six 
weeks after the first, with the understanding that the fruit is likely 
to show heavy staining at time of harvest. This staining may be 
reduced by omitting Bordeaux mixture from the solution applied 
and using instead 1 pound of lime in 50 gallons of water. 
In case the foliage is very light at the time of the first application, 
expenses may be reduced somewhat by using a set nozzles" at this 
time and using " trailers" only for the second application. Single 
spray applications, either at the time the grape berries are just touch- 
ing or about three weeks later, will reduce the infestation and in some 
instances control it. Such measures to reduce expenses of spraying, 
however, are dangerously likely to fail in reducing the infestation 
satisfactorily, and should be adopted with great caution. 
Spraying operations will be facilitated greatly by training the 
vines so that the clusters may be reached most quickly and covered 
with spray. In a limited experiment the Kniffin system seemed most 
satisfactory for this purpose. 
The applications required for the control of the grape-berry moth 
are so timed that they may be combined with applications to control 
the grape rootworm, grape leafhopper, and powdery mildew, and 
some of the applications for downy mildew and black rot also may 
be combined with them. Nothing need be added to the spray solu- 
tion for rootworm control; nicotine sulphate (40 per cent) at the 
rate of 1 to 1,600 should be added to the second application for leaf- 
hopper control; and Bordeaux mixture should be used in both appli- 
cations for fungous diseases. 
The cost of spraying to control the grape-berry moth need not 
exceed $5 per acre. If the applications are made to control other 
pests as well, the charge against the berry-moth control should be 
considerably less. 
It should be borne in mind that unless the proper spray mixture is 
applied at the right time and the clusters are thoroughly covered, the 
work is of little value. 
