2 BULLETIN 815, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The Eureka variety of lemon is the one most widely grown in 
California. The Lisbon variety is extensively grown in certain dis- 
tricts, particularly near the coast. During the last few years large 
plantings of Lisbon lemons have been made in certain districts. 
During the early period of the commercial lemon industry in Cal- 
ifornia the Villa Franca variety was planted in some sections, but 
at the present time its propagation has been almost abandoned. 
HISTORY OF THE LISBON LEMON VARIETY. 
The Lisbon lemon was introduced into California from Australia. 
Two different lots of trees of this variety were imported about the ~ 
same time. 
In 1872 Mr. Ellwood Cooper, a pioneer horticulturist of Santa 
Barbara, Calif., noticed that the imported lemons in the San Francisco 
markets were superior in appearance and quality to those raised from 
the seedling trees_in southern California. He then conceived the 
idea of importing budded trees of some good foreign variety and 
planting them in California instead of seedlings. He discussed the 
matter with Mr. Samuel P. Stow, a neighbor, of Goleta, Santa Barbara 
County, Calif., and they decided to make an importation of the 
Lisbon variety, which they learned was cultivated in Australia. <Ac- 
cordingly, Mr. Stow purchased 12 budded trees in that country and 
had them shipped to San Francisco. These trees died in transit and 
a second shipment was ordered. The trees in the second lot arrived 
in good condition in 1874. Mr. Stow retained two of them and sent 
the remainder to Mr. Thomas A. Garey at Los Angeles, who propagat- 
ed and distributed many trees of this variety. The Lisbon lemon 
trees in some of the coast plantings in California can be traced to the 
Cooper-Stow introduction.! 
In 1875 a small shipment of trees and plants, including some smail 
Lisbon lemon trees, was received from Australia by Judge J. W. 
North, of Riverside, Calif. These trees were turned over to Mr. 
D. H. Burnham, a nurseryman of Riverside, who planted them and . 
distributed trees propagated from them under the name Lisbon.? 
Many of the plantings of the Lisbon lemon variety in Riverside 
County, San Bernardino County, and other interior lemon districts 
of southern California can be traced to the North-Burnham introduc- 
tion. Later, other importations of budded Lisbon trees were made 
by nurserymen and orchardists, so that the variety as now grown in 
California is made up of a number of separate introductions.* 
1 Entire statement from interview with Mr. Ellwood Cooper, Hotel Lankershim, Los Angeles, Calif., 
June 19, 1917. 
2 Personal statement of Mrs. Mary M. Burnham, widow of Mr. D. H. Burnham, Riverside, Calif., May 29, 
1917. 
8 Letter from Mr. R. C. Allen, Bonita, Calif., Apr. 2, 1917. 
