68 BULLETIN 815, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
quantity should be provided so that in the spring the soil will stand 
at least 6 to 8 inches above the land in the orchard. This will pro- 
vide for any future settling. 
In the spring the young trees are planted in the place thus pro- 
vided for them. Especial care must be used to provide sufficient 
water for them at each irrigation, which is often accomplished by 
making an irrigation furrow at the side, or frequently by making a 
basin around each tree. Small applications of a quickly available 
nitrogenous fertilizer, if applied to the young trees, often stimulate 
early growth. When care is exercised in properly preparing the 
holes for the trees, in furnishing adequate irrigation water, and in 
distributing additional fertilizer if needed, the replanted trees in an 
old bearing orchard will make as good a pow as if planted as solid 
blocks of trees in a new orchard. 
THE SELECTION AND CARE OF BUD WOOD. 
Bud wood should be taken only from fruit-bearing wood on_per- 
formance-record trees. In addition to the performance records, the 
propagator should have an intimate knowledge of the behavior of 
the individual tree. This can be obtained only by careful studie 
of the variety and strain which he desires to propagate. The lemons 
which are attached to the bud sticks can be used as an indication of 
the type of fruit which the buds on the sticks will produce. The 
use of this type of bud wood guards against taking wood from sporting 
or undesirable branches. 
Plate VIII shows two variations found on separate branches in a 
lemon tree on which all the other fruits were of the Lisbon strain. 
By using buds taken from sticks with the fruits attached the danger of 
propagating these undesirable variations is eliminated. If this type 
of bud wood is used, more buds can be cut from productive trees than 
from unproductive ones. 
Enough experimental and practical evidence has already been collect- 
ed in the course of these investigations to show that fruit-bearmg bud 
wood from productive trees is the most desirable kind to use for prop- 
agation. Nursery trees from this type of wood make a very vigorous 
growth and come into early fruiting. After the bud sticks are cut 
the leaves are removed, as shown in figure 12, and the sticks from 
each tree are tied in separate packages, with the number of the tree 
marked on the end of one of the bud sticks and also on a wooden 
or other suitable label which is tied to the bundle. In this way the 
progeny of each parent tree can be kept separate. As soon as the 
bud sticks are labeled they should be wrapped in moist sphagnum 
moss or some other suitable material. If it is necessary to store the 
bud sticks for any length of time they can be put in a cool room where 
the temperature is about 70° F. and does not fluctuate greatly. 
i Teer Re ee Secu J 
