4 BULLETIN 261, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
changes to a dirty white with the head of the larva plainly visible at 
one end. The unfertilized egg remains white. After hatching the 
shell is white and retains its shape. The eggs are deposited singly or 
in small irregular groups, usually in cracks or crevices of the bark, or 
in the absence of such places they are rather insecurely glued to 
smooth surfaces (PI. II, e). They are easily broken away from the 
surface to which they are attached. 
THE LARVA. 
In leaving the egg the larva (PL II, b) gnaws out an irregular 
hole in one end and leaves the shell in two or three minutes. The 
newly-hatched larva is very active; its color is white throughout 
with the exception of the very large dark brown head, and the ali- 
mentary tract which shows plainly from its reddish coloration. After 
a few days of feeding the color of the body changes to a dingy white 
and later to a brownish green, somewhat lighter on the ventral sur- 
face. The full-grown larva averages about 25 mm. in length by 3 
mm. in width. The head is .dark brown; the cervical shield, pale 
yellow, with black markings on either side. The anal plate is brown 
and the thoracic legs are light brown with darker tips. There is great 
variation in the color and size of individual specimens. 
THE PUPA. 
When first formed, the color of the pupa (PL 11,/) is light olive 
green, which changes in one or two days to light brown and 24 hours 
before emergence to dark brown and then black. The size is variable, 
but averages about 10 mm. by 3 mm. The wing sheaths are some- 
what lighter brown and extend about two-thirds of the total length 
of the body. The eyes are black, the spiracles well denned, and the 
last abdominal segment has a variable number of stout hooked spines. 
THE ADULT. 
The adult female (PL II, a) measures about 1 inch across the 
expanded wings. The average measurements of 10 specimens were: 
Spread of wings, 19.5 mm. ; length of body, 8.4 mm. ; width of body, 
1.4 mm. The head, thorax, legs, and abdomen are a light gray. 
The fore wings are grayish brown with a broad, wavy band of black 
and brown markings across the outer third. There is considerable 
variation in the color pattern of the fore wings, however, and fre- 
quently these markings are almost or entirely absent. The hind 
wings are smoky with a distinct black marginal line. 
The insect was first described by Walker in 1863. The following 
is his description: 
Nephopteryx semifuneralis n. s. Female, blackish cinereous, dingy cinereous beneath. 
Palpi smooth, slender, hardly curved, obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the 
