Till- CLYDE SERIES OF SOILS. 53 
The prime necessity for securing large yields of beets upon the 
Clyde loam and, in fact, upon all of the heavier soils of the Clyde 
series is adequate drainage. This should be perfected not only for 
the surface of the land but also for the subsoil to a depth of 2 or 3 
feet. It can only be made most effective and more nearly permanent 
when it is accomplished through thorough tile underdrainage. The 
outlets for complete farm drainage are usually provided by the 
county and township ditches and nearly every farm on the Clyde 
loam or clay loam may be connected with such outlets. 
For complete drainage on such dense soils as the Clyde loam, clay 
loam, and clay, lines of tile should be located at intervals of not 
more than CO feet while an interval of 40 feet is not too close in 
many cases. The tile should be laid at a minimum depth of 2 feet 
to 30 inches and tile of smaller inside diameter than 4 inches should 
not commonly be used. The best beet fields upon both the Clyde 
loam and clay were invariably found to be tiled. The more adequate 
drainage resulted both in a more nearly perfect stand and in the 
added length and weight of the mature beets. Danger from poor 
germination was avoided in the early part of the season, wdiile greater 
root penetration into the more porous and friable soil gave greater 
opportunity for maximum grow T th than upon any of the fields not 
tile drained. It is estimated by some growers that the cost of tiling 
the fields is repaid by two or at most three beet crops through in- 
creased tonnage and higher sugar content of the beets. Other crops 
grown in rotation with the beets are, of course, correspondingly 
benefited. 
The yields obtained upon the several soils of the Clyde series have 
been stated in the general discussion of the different types. For the 
sake of comparison they may be restated. 
While the more sandy members of the series may be used locally 
for beet growing this is not advisable, and the Clyde fine sandy loam 
is the coarsest textured soil upon which good yields are consistently 
obtained. The Clyde fine sanely loam gives average yields of 10 to 
12 tons per acre. The Clyde loam produces 7 to 10 tons per acre 
upon lands not tile drained, and }delds of 12 to 18 tons per acre upon 
tile-drained lands where the greatest care is exercised in the prepara- 
tion of the land and the fertilization of the beets. It is probable that 
the general average for the type is in excess of 10 tons per acre, 
ranging upward on the better drained portions of the type and down- 
ward upon lands where drainage is not so complete. A few areas 
of the Clyde silty clay loam, which have been planted to beets give 
large yields of relatively low sugar content. The j^ields are reported 
to range from 12 to 18 tons. In almost all cases these yields were 
obtained upon new land, recently drained and placed under cultiva- 
tion. It is probable that as this soil is used longer for beets and 
