46 BULLETIN 141, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Hay and pasture grasses constitute the chief remaining crop grown 
upon the Clyde clay. Usually the area devoted to grass growing in 
the Central States is decidedly subordinate to that given to corn and 
oats. In New York State grass constitutes the chief crop grown 
upon the Clyde clay. This arises from the fact that little of the^type 
has been sufficiently drained to make it a suitable soil for the pro- 
duction of intertilled crops. The same is partly true of the Saginaw 
area, Michigan. In all areas timothy, seeded alone, comprises the 
largest grass acreage. The Clyde clay is almost an ideal soil for 
timothy production. It is moist, well supplied with organic matter, 
and mildly calcareous. Unless the yields are decreased through poor 
drainage the production frequently exceeds If tons per acre at a 
single cutting. Total yields of £| tons per acre at two cuttings are 
not infrequently obtained. In many instances the second crop is cut 
and thrashed for the seed. Mixed timothy and clover also occupy 
large areas on the type. Both the red and alsike clovers are seeded 
with the timothy where the hay is grown for feeding rather than for 
the city market. Clover is grown alone upon this soil, but to a 
limited extent. The yields of mixed hay range from 1J tons to 2J 
tons per acre. Clover yields as high as 2 tons with an average of \\ 
tons per acre. 
Wherever the Clyde clay has become well drained the Kentucky 
bluegrass spreads naturally over the fields not kept in constant culti- 
vation. It forms a thick mat along the roadsides and invades fields 
which have been seeded to other grasses for any length of time. 
Wherever it is permitted to remain it forms an excellent pasturage 
and, if the land were not usually much more valuable for growing 
the tilled crops or other grasses, it would constitute one of the best 
sources of pasturage in the Central States. The use of such a field 
for pasturing hogs is shown in Plate IV, figure 2. 
Where tile drainage has been completely installed and the land 
fully drained to a depth of 3 feet or more, alfalfa succeeds very 
well upon the Clyde clay. Drainage is a fundamental essential to 
success with this crop, but otherwise the soil is in excellent condition 
for alfalfa seeding. It is productive, well supplied with organic 
matter, and so calcareous that liming is usually unnecessary. Even 
the inoculation with the proper bacteria is sometimes naturally se- 
cured through the rather general growth of sweet clover or Melilotus 
throughout the area occupied by the better-drained portions of the 
type. Upon well-drained fields of alfalfa south of Toledo, Ohio, 
Z\ to 4 tons of hay per acre are obtained in three or four cut- 
tings each year. Such a field is shown in Plate V, figure 1. The 
stand of alfalfa usually lasts for four or five years. It is then ad- 
visable to plow the land for corn, as Kentucky bluegrass will usually 
invade the fields to such an extent that tillage for a year and 
