THE CLYDE SERIES OF SOILS. 37 
good, ranging from 18 to 25 bushels per acre, with an average yield 
of 20 bushels. Rye, barley, and buckwheat are also produced to a 
small extent, giving fair yields. 
In some localities there are also small acreages planted to cabbage 
or celery, the former crop yielding from 8 to 15 tons per acre, with 
an average of about 12 tons. The quality of the cabbage produced 
upon the Clyde loam is reported to be excellent. Only a small area 
of either onions, peppermint, or strawberries, is now produced upon 
the type, although it is well suited to the growing of each of these 
crops when economic conditions are favorable. 
The farm equipment upon the Clyde loam does not differ ma- 
terially from the equipment upon other soils in the same general 
regions. It ma}^ be said that larger teams and heavier tools are re- 
quired for the perfect tillage of this soil than upon any others of 
similar or lighter texture. The somewhat plastic and dense char- 
acter of both the surface soil and the subsoil requires deep plowing 
and thorough subsequent tillage in order to maintain the surface 
soil in mellow, friable condition. Since the Clyde loam is prac- 
tically stone free in the majority of areas the use of disk plows and 
disk harrows is easily possible. The employment of such machinery 
should obviate the tendency toward the forming of a plow sole or 
" harclpan " at the normal depth of plowing, a difficulty sometimes 
encountered in the use of the ordinary turning plow. 
The dominance of grass, oats, and corn as the principal crops upon 
the Clyde loam led to the introduction of dairying as an important 
adjunct to crop production in the early days of the occupation of 
this type. The excellent pasturage afforded, the heavy cutting of 
hay, the large yields of oats, and the satisfactory yield of corn, all 
led the pioneer farmers, who were usually predisposed to dairying 
from their experiences in their former locations, to adopt this form 
of crop disposal. The dairy farms upon the Clyde loam, particu- 
larly in Michigan and Indiana, are apparently among the most 
profitable and best maintained farms in the region. Upon these 
dairy farms a considerable amount of stable manure is annually re- 
turned to the fields and crop yields are maintained at or above the 
average for the general locality. The production of wheat has 
largely been superseded by the production of corn and oats upon the 
majority of dairy farms. The building equipment is somewhat more 
elaborate than upon the general-crop farms found upon the Clyde 
loam, because of the necessity for housing the stock and the roughage 
for feeding purposes. 
CLYDE SILT LOAM. 
Seven areas of the Clyde silt loam have been encountered in the 
course of the soil survey work. Four of these are in southern and 
central Wisconsin, and they comprise by far the largest acreage 
