THE CLYDE SERIES OF SOILS. 31 
of agriculture, such as fruit growing and market gardening, may be 
successfully undertaken. 
CLYDE STONY SANDY LOAM. 
The Clyde stoiry sandy loam has only been encountered in the soil 
survey of the Saginaw area, Michigan, where this type covers an area 
of 8,000 acres. 
The surface soil of the Clyde stony sandy loam is a dark-brown, 
medium-textured, gravelly sandy loam which has a depth ranging 
from 18 to 24 inches. This is underlain by a gray sandy loam or a 
mottled brown clay loam which contains a small amount of gravel. 
The most notable characteristic of the type is the presence of bowl- 
ders strewn in large numbers over the surface and occurring less 
abundantly in the subsoil. These bowlders are chiefly of granite and 
range in size from large rounded gravel to angular fragments 2 m cr 
3 feet in diameter. It has been found necessary in bringing this soil 
under cultivation to remove the larger cobbles and bowlders, which 
are either piled in heaps in the field or else are removed and used in 
the construction of farm buildings and of fences around the fields. 
Wherever this has been done the surface soil is left in good tillable 
condition. A few areas of the type are almost entirely free from 
gravel and stone. 
The Clyde stony sandy loam constitutes small, level, depressed 
areas occurring within the glacial moraine. The type is naturally 
fairly well drained, but the smaller areas receive seepage waters from 
the adjacent higher lands. There is frequently no natural drainage 
outlet or only a sluggish streamway, partly obstructed by rank 
vegetation. 
The greater part of the soil type has been improved and brought 
under cultivation. It is used chiefly for general farming purposes. 
Corn yields from 25 to 40 bushels per acre, oats from 20 to 50 bushels, 
wheat frcm 15 to 20 bushels, and beans from 10 to 12 bushels per 
acre. Hay gives excellent yields, ranging from 1 to 1J tons per acre. 
Sugar beets are grown in a small way, giving yields of 7 to 15 tons 
per acre. Irish potatoes are also grown in small acreages. This type 
practically constitutes a phase of the Clyde sandy loam, which is 
distinguished frcm it through the considerable amount of stone and 
gravel occurring in both soil and subsoil. 
CLYDE FINE SANDY LOAM. 
The Clyde fine sandy loam has been encountered in 13 different soil- 
survey areas, located in 5 different States. The total extent of the 
type thus far mapped amounts to 147,456 acres. The larger part of 
this type occurs in the Saginaw area, Michigan, in Will County, 111., 
