28 BULLETIN 141, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
should be applied to the intertilled crops in general farm practice 
and to all of the crops grown in market gardening or small-fruit 
production. 
Many thousands of acres of the Clyde fine sand are utilized only 
for pasturage or the cutting of wild grasses. Most of the remain- 
ing area is used principally for a type of mixed general farming 
and stock growing. Only small areas are used for the more intensive 
forms of market gardening and small-fruit cultivation. Wherever 
markets for the products are available, the type is far better suited 
to the latter uses than to general farming. 
The farm equipment of the Clyde fine sand is not materially dif- 
ferent from that of other areas in the general farming section of 
the north-central States. It usually consists of a frame dwelling 
and of large or small barns, depending upon whether the chief 
interests of the farm center in cattle feeding or in the production 
of crops for sale. Large teams and heavy machinery are commonly 
employed in the tillage of the type. 
CLYDE SANDY LOAM. 
The Clyde sandy loam has been encountered in seven soil-survey 
areas, located in Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. 
A total area of 127,296 acres has thus far been mapped. By far the 
largest proportion of this area has been encountered in the Saginaw 
Bay region in the southern part of Michigan. In fact the other 
areas of its occurrence are small and scattered. 
The Clyde sandy loam to an average depth of from 8 to 12 inches 
is a dark-gray, brown, or almost black medium-textured sandy loam. 
The surface soil contains varying amounts of organic matter. In 
the lower-lying locations, in all depressions, and where drainage has 
been seriously obstructed there is a considerable accumulation of 
dark, mucky organic matter in the surface soil. Upon slopes and 
somewhat higher ridges, which frequently occur through the type, or- 
ganic matter is present in less proportion and the surface soil becomes 
gray or light brown in color. In almost all cases the surface soil 
grades downward into a medium to fine sandy loam, which is usually 
darker just beneath the surface soil, but becomes gray or mottled 
gray, drab, or yellow at greater depths. At a depth of 3 feet or 
more the subsoil becomes a sticky, somewhat sandy clay. 
The characteristic surface features of the Clyde sandy loam vary 
somewhat in the different localities where it has been found. This 
arises from the fact there have been' some slight differences in 
the method of formation of the different areas of the type. In 
Greene County, Ind., the surface of the Clyde sandy loam is almost 
absolutely level and depressed below the upland areas in the por- 
