14 BULLETIN 141, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The lake deposits of this section were prevalently fine grained and 
the heavier soils of the Clyde series are quite extensively developed. 
There are also areas in Niagara County where underlying till 
deposits reached nearly to the surface, but were thinly veneered 
with lake sediments, and maintained for a long period of time in a 
partly drained condition. On such tracts there is a scattering of 
field stones of glacial origin which is unusual with any soils of the 
Clyde series. Probably a part of these stones have reached their 
present position through having been brought to the low ridges 
and stranded by the melting of floating ice. Others have been sepa- 
rated from the till by wave action which redistributed the finer 
grained materials locally as lake sediment and left the stones in a 
prominent position at the surface. Such areas give rise to the stony 
phase of the Clyde loam. 
Throughout the entire region of the glacial lake deposits in New 
York State limestone rock underlies a considerable part of the plain. 
It has contributed mechanically divided limestone to the glacial till 
and both directly and indirectly to the lake sediments. Even where 
both of these classes of material overlie noncalcareous rocks there 
is a perceptible admixture of limestone fragments of all sizes in 
both the unstratified materials and the sedimentary deposits. This 
furnishes the small or large percentage of lime carbonate which is 
associated with the subsoils, at least, of the majority of the types of 
the Clyde series, 
up to an elevation of 800 feet above sea level. This higher plain is 
In extreme western New York, from Dunkirk to the western 
boundary of Chautauqua County, in the northwestern portion of 
Pennsylvania, around Erie, Pa., and in northeastern Ohio, around 
Ashtabula, the glacial lake plain is very narrow, measuring not more 
than 3 to 5 miles in breadth from Lake Erie southward. Only small 
areas of the soils of the Clyde series are found in this region. 
From the vicinity of Sandusky, Ohio, westward nearly to Fort 
Wayne, Ind., and thence northeastward to the vicinity of Port 
Huron, Mich., lies an extensive area which was occupied at several 
successive stages by glacial lake waters. The oldest of these glacial 
lakes has been named Lake Maumee. This was succeeded by Lakes 
Whittlesey and Warren. The latter occupied a portion of the 
higher lake plain in western New York as well as the lower portion 
of the glacial lake plain in northwestern Ohio and adjacent por- 
tions of Michigan. 
It is probable that the waters of these several glacial lakes did 
not occupy the Maumee Valley for any great period of time, yet it 
is certain that they were present for a sufficient period to establish 
very definite shore lines on the landward side. These shore lines 
