40 BULLETIN 196, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Effect of varying degrees of sirup on cherries. (Weight of fruit: Royal Anne, 550 grams; 
Rockport, 550 grams; Tartarian, 520 grams; examined June 2, 1913, July 2, 1913, and 
Jan. 17, 1914)—Continued. = - | 
Density of sirup Gross |Weight of/Weight of) Weight of} Brix Reduc- eye 
(degrees). weight. |contents.} fruit. sirup. | reading. jing sugar. Sucrose. | Acidity. 
Grams | Grams | Grams 
50: Grams. | Grams. | Grams. | Grams. | Degrees. |per 100 cc.|per 100 cc.\ per 100 cc. 
; 1, 040 900 405 495 35. 4 4.75 27.79 0. 24 
artanianee. ss 1, 050 910 415 495 32.3 6. 25 21.61 . 29 
1, 060 920 A470 450 82. 25 12.13 18. 06 28 
1, 040 900 415 485 33.1 6.5 23. 28 30 
Royal Anne...... 1, 050 910 460 450 32.9 8. 50 19. 95 33 
Fie 1, 040 900 490 410 31.5 S297 beans 32 
1, 040 900 385 515| 40.2 3. 30. 88 23 
Partaniai see ee 1, 060 920 385 535 37.4 8. 00 25. 65 31 
il oes aD 450 465 36. 1 12. 92 20. 86 30 
1 0 390 530 39. 6 6.0 30. 67 29 
Royal Anne...... 1 Vos 925 415 510| 37.3 7.75) 25.41 28 
The cut-out appearance of a can of cherries, containing 560 grams of fruit, but 
packed in varying sirups, showed the following fill: Water-packed lacked one-half 
inch; 10° sirup, slightly more than one-half inch; 30° sirup, 1 inch; 40° sirup, 14 | 
inches; 50° sirup, two-thirds full; and 60° sirup, about half full. When using 400 
grams and water the cans lacked 14 inches; 450 grams, 1 inch; 500 grams, three- 
fourths inch; 550 grams, one-half inch; and 600 grams, one-fourth inch. In the com-— 
mercially packed cherries, the extras lacked 1 inch; extra standard and standard, 
three-fourths inch; and seconds and water, 11 inches of being full after draining. 
The practice in packing cherries has been to use from 18.5 to 19 ounces in the can. 
During 1913, however, most of the packers increased their weights to 20 ounces, and 
some to 21 and 22 ounces, many springers being produced in the latter. 
CURRANTS (RIBES RUBRUM). 
The currant is not canned except for stock for jelly or for mixing with other fruits 
to give flavor. When it is packed, it is usually put in glass or stoneware jars. It 
has been included in this work for comparative purposes. 
Effect of varying degrees of sirup on currants. (Weight of fruit, 360 grams for a No. 2 
can; examined Oct. 8, 1912, and Apr. 18, 1913.) 
Density of sirup Gross | Weight of} Weight of) Weight of| Brix Reduc- +4 
(degrees). weight. |contents.| fruit. sirup. | reading. jing sugar. Sucrose. | Acidity. 
Grams | Grams Grams 
Grams. | Grams. | Grams. | Grams. | Degrees. \per 100 cc.\per 100 cc.\per 100 cc. 
10 { 695 595 260 335 1126 7. 75 0. 47 1.14 
sé obabar nes esececeee 690 590 287 303 11.9 8. 62 12 1.23 
20 { 705 605 290 315 16,2 10. 75 1. 66 1.42 
BEE eA oe Ree eee 705 605 O77 323 16. 6 12. 37 .00 1.26 
30 { 740 640 255 385 23.4 12. 00 7. 36 1.07 
eenipatin a pew) sho 727 627 272 355 22.4 17. 37 . 60 1.21 
50 { 740 640 240 400 31.8 19. 00 9.02 a The 
----------- --2----- 755 655 300 355 29. 0 QIN25 2.14 1.26 
GO vere Saeco. alee 740 640 235 405 35. 0 20. 00 9. 50 1.22 
In all cases when the currants were unstemmed, springers and swells were pro- 
duced within three months, and when stemmed the time was extended to from seven 
to nine months. This was not due to bacterial action. The swell was so strong as 
to cause the can to break in some cases. They did not pinhole as was expected. 
Not a single can escaped swelling and only a few were held for more than one year. 
GOOSEBERRIES (RIBES GROSSULARIA). 
Few gooseberries are canned, and these are largely used for pies. The berries are 
gathered when nearly ripe and are handled in baskets and shallow boxes. The first 
operation at the factory is to remove the stems and brown blossom ends. This was 
