APPLE BY-PRODUCTS AS STOCK FOODS. 27 
In 1918 Warcollier and Hediard (IJfi) and Lhoste (99) published 
data on the digestible nutrients in dried apple pomace. In neither 
case, however, is there any indication that actual digestion trials 
were conducted. The coefficients, calculated from the data, are 
identical with those used by Kellner (94). 
Warcollier (138), who studied the use of dried pomace as a feed 
for army horses, advocated the substitution of a mixture of TO per 
cent of dried pomace and 30 per cent of molasses for a part of the 
oats and bran in their rations, thereby making possible a saving of 
from 0.60 to 0.75 franc per horse per day. Such a mixture had a 
moisture content of 12 per cent. A later study, made in collabora- 
tion with Hediard, included the whole problem of utilizing cider 
residues. Their report includes analyses of samples of pomace dried 
by " direct heat " and a calculation of the digestible nutrients. They 
state that desiccation is the best method of preserving cider residues, 
and that the dried pomace is very well liked by farm animals. They 
conclude that feeding experiments have shown that dried apple 
pomace can be included successfully in the ration of horses, but that 
no more than 2.2 pounds of the better grade of hay or 1.4 pounds 
of oats should be replaced by this material. Lhoste's data are taken 
entirely from Kellner's tables. He advises cooking the dried pomace 
before mixing it with other feeds. 
There is little direct evidence on the effect of desiccation upon the 
feeding value of apple pomace. Maercker and Morgan (29) and 
Baeck (20) indicated that drying increased the food value of beet 
pulp. Blin (47) stated that stock, at times, prefer dried to fresh 
vegetable products. On the other hand, Warcollier (137) is au- 
thority for the statement that the drying of apples causes a striking 
change in composition, the percentage of insoluble matter being 
thereb} r increased from 24.2 to 82.1, on a dry basis. Where pomace is 
dried at moderate temperatures, 33 however, as is the general rule in 
America, it is believed that the food value is not impaired. 
Feeding Test. 34 
The primary object of the milk-production trial was to test the 
truth of the theory that dried apple pomace causes a decrease in the 
milk flow of the cows to which it is fed. This work also made pos- 
sible a comparison of the milk production from a cow receiving 
dried apple pomace with that when the cow was given corn silage. 
The greatest usefulness of apple pomace for dairy animals lies 
in the fact that it is a source of succulence in winter feeding. For 
that reason the dried apple pomace 35 was fed wet throughout the 
test. The material, which had been ground to a meal, was pre- 
pared by adding to it three times its weight of water several hours 
before it was fed. 36 
Only one cow was used in the test and the total quantity of 
dried pomace fed was less than 400 pounds. Therefore, the results 
obtained, while indicative, can not be accepted as conclusive. 
33 In the rotary steam dryer, the temperature is said to vary from T.v t,» 135° r.. while 
in the slatted-floor type of apple kiln the range is somewhat lower. 
34 Conducted by T. K.Woodward. Dairy Husbandman in Charge of the Beltsville Experi- 
ment Farm, Dairy Division. Bureau of Animal Industry. United States Department of 
Agriculture. 
35 Sample No. 37254 — 400 pounds dried and ground. 
36 It is now believed that the period of soaking should be shortened, particularly in 
warm weather, to an hour or two. 
