26 BULLETIN 1166, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
by Cooke in 1889 (59) and by Hills in 1902 (84) and in 1903 (85), 
were as follows: 
(1) The apple-pomace silage was well liked by the animals; (2) no undesira- 
ble effects followed its use, and the cows maintained their milk flow, although 
as much as 35 pounds per head daily was fed continuously in some cases; (3) 
pound for pound, apple-pomace silage approached corn silage in feeding value ; 
(4) from the same quantity to 7 per cent more milk and butter was obtained 
per unit of dry matter than when corn silage was fed; (5) it was estimated 
that apple-pomace silage was worth from 75 to 100 per cent as much as good 
corn silage. 
The Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture (113) 
reported a discussion on pomace silage at a meeting of stock raisers. 
The opinion appeared to prevail that from 12 to 30 pounds once a 
day could well be fed, but that the silage affected the odor and taste 
of the milk when fed just before milking. 
Shutt, of the Canada Experimental Farms (128), indorses the 
use of apple-pomace silage as part of the ration for dairy cows. 
When it constituted part of the food of four cows, the milk flow was 
maintained. Occasionally it was omitted, with a subsequent decrease 
of milk at the next milking. 
Apple-pomace silage has been fed to swine with conflicting re- 
sults. Goessmann (72), in experimenting with the production of 
the silage, packed pomace tightly into a cask, the inside surface 
of which had been coated with black tar varnish, covered it with 
tar paper and a layer of sand several inches thick, and weighted 
down the mass with heavy stones. The improvised silo was filled 
in October and opened the following May. By taking these pre- 
cautions to exclude air, a pomace silage was obtained which had 
a degree of acidity of only 186, corresponding to a total acidity but 
little more than half that of average corn silage. Goessmann states 
that it was highly relished by cows and swine and " is equal to, if 
not superior to the apple pomace from which it was made." 
On the other hand, a trial of apple-pomace silage as food for 
pigs resulted unsatisfactorily at the Illinois station. Morrow (116) 
reports that it was not relished by the pigs, and but very little was 
eaten. He remarks that the silage evidently was exceptionally acid, 
judging by its high content of ether extract. Unfortunately, no 
direct determination of the degree of acidity was made. 
Because of their high water content neither the fresh pomace nor 
apple-pomace silage can attain great importance as a commercial 
feeding stuff in the undried condition. 
DRIED APPLE POMACE. 
Previous Investigations. 
Comparatively little on the feeding value of dried apple pomace 
has been published. 
In 1886 Frear (68) concluded, from an examination of a sample 
of dried pomace submitted by a correspondent, that this product 
ought to be " a valuable source of carbonaceous food, to be fed with 
a generous admixture of nitrogenous foods." Wolff and Kellner re- 
ported the content of the digestible nutrients, which, however, was 
evidently based on coefficients determined on some material similar 
to pomace, not on the pomace itself. 
