APPLE BY-PRODUCTS AS STOCK FOODS. 
23 
good condition. A summary of the data obtained from these experi- 
ments is included in Table 11. 
Table 11. — Coefficients of digestibility of apple by-products (from the 
literature). 1 
Portion of constituent digested. 2 
By-product. 
Dry 
matter. 
Ether 
ex- 
tract. 
Crude 
fiber. 
Pro- 
tein. 
Ash. 
Nitro- 
gen-free 
ex- 
tract. 
Galac- 
tans. 
Pento- 
Apple pomace fed to sheep 3 
Per 
cent. 
72 
64 
75 
Per 
cent. 
46 
85 
82 
60 
50 
43 
Per 
cent. 
65.0 
62.0 
77.0 
40.0 
6.3 
6.7 
Per 
cent. 
52" 
65 
50 
40 
44 
Per 
cent. 
49 
Per 
cent. 
85 
69 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Dent corn silage fed to sheep 8 
Flint corn silage fed to sheep :i 
79 
Apple pomace presumably fed to 
ruminants 4 
70 
70 
Dried apple pomace presumably fed 
to horses 5 
Fresh apple pomace presumably fed 
70 
"*76.'8 Sfti 
Insoluble marc fed to man 6 
1 The net energy value of apples containing 81.8 per cent moisture is 0.1592 therm per pound. In 
computing this value from the digestible organic matter, Armsby (Pa. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 142) used 
the factor 0.539 for the number of therms of energy lost as heat per poimd of dry matter ingested. This 
factor is very close to that for wheat bran. 
2 The percentage of digestible constituent is determined by multiplying the percentage of the con- 
stituent by the coefficient (p^r cent disostible). 
3 Coefficients reported by Lindsey, Holland, and Smith (101); the results on corn silage are included 
for the sake of comparison. 
4 Coefficients calculated from Wolff's tables (1U). 
* Coefficients calculated from Kellner's tables (94). 
6 Coefficients reported by Schneider (127). 
Lindsey and his associates found that the sheep did not digest the 
pomace evenly, although no digestive disturbances were observed. 
It was readily eaten, however. They ultimately concluded that (1) 
the total dry matter in apple pomace is about as digestible as that in 
the best grades of corn silage ; (2) judged by composition and digesti- 
bility, pound for pound, apple pomace should approach average 
corn silage in feeding value; (3) judging from an 8-week alternate 
feeding trial with 2 cows, from 4 to 5 pounds of pomace is equivalent 
to 1 pound of " good cow hay "; (4) as much as 30 pounds of pomace 
per head may be fed daily with hay as roughage for mature cows and 
steers. They, however, advise feeding not more than 10 pounds 
at first. 
In 1905 Kellner (94) published figures for the digestible nutrients 
in " fresh " and " dried " apple pomace which must have been based 
on coefficients entirely different from those of either Wolff or Lind- 
sey. Here again apple pomace is net in the table which gives diges- 
tion coefficients based on actual trials, so that it must be assumed 
that coefficients for some material similar to pomace were used. Co- 
efficients calculated from Wolff's and Kellner's data are given in 
Table 11. Evidently, from his extremely low coefficients for crude 
fiber, Kellner's results are based on experiments with animals other 
than ruminants, probably horses. It is possible thai the digestion 
coefficients for apple by-products 80 reported by Lindsey and his ro- 
• Schneider tin) reported coefficients for the digestibility of the pentosans and galac- 
tans in apple marc, the pulp of the apple remaining insoluble after thorough extraction 
with cold water. The results of his experiments, which were conducted on human sub- 
jects, are reported in Table 11. 
