MANUFACTURING TESTS OF COTTON 
conditions did the relative humidity fluctuate more than 2.5 per cent 
under or over the average as given in Table 1. Since the relative 
humidity was observed and regulated every 15 minutes, the average 
readings per hour were considered sufficient. 
Table 1. — Average of hourly readings of room temperatures, average relative 
humidity during processing, and time required by each type of machine for each 
grade of cotton l 
Machine 
Opener_ 
Pickers 
Cards 
Drawing 
Slubber 
Intermediate. 
Fine 
Spinning 
Temperature 
and relative 
humidity 
/■Degrees F. 
\Per cent- - 
/Degrees F_ 
\Per cent__ 
("Degrees F_ 
(Per cent. _ 
/Degrees F_ 
\Per cent.. 
f Degrees F_ 
\Per cent- _ 
/Degrees F_ 
\Per cent. _ 
/Degrees F. 
\Per cent. _ 
/Degrees F_ 
\ Per cent. _ 
Eastern upland 
Grade 
12 3 4 5 
71 
56 
76 
60 
74 
61 
76 
62 
77 
60 60 
84 82 
61 61 
■' 84 
59 
72 
Western upland 
Grade 
12 3 4 5 
Time 
run per 
machine 
and 
grade 
Hours 
1 Temperatures expressed in degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity in percentages. 
Samples were collected for moisture tests at regular intervals 
during the manufacturing processes. These samples do not neces- 
sarily represent the average conditions of the entire lot of cotton of 
the particular grade from which the samples were taken, but they 
do show the amounts of moisture in the sample at the time taken. 
The results of these tests are shown in Table 2. 
Cotton, being highly hygroscopic, may either gain or lose in weight, 
depending upon the amount of moisture in the cotton, the outside 
weather conditions, and the temperature and relative humidity of 
the room in which the test is conducted. The gains and losses are 
indicated in Table 3. 
Table 2. 
-Percentage of moisture regain in samples of the several grades at suc- 
cessive stages in processing J 
Eastern upland 
Western upland 
P CO 
Jh *> 
.23 S 
o 5b 
bo •> 
g.S 
> 60 
Sample 
Grade 
Grade 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.C. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
P.c. 
Raw stock 
6. 49 7. 18 
5.81 
6. 55 7. 64 
5. 37|6. 72 
6.60 
7.01 
6.84 
7.01 
6. 55 
6.60 
5.93 
6.89 
7.18 
5.26 
6.38 
6.32 
7.58 
6.66 
Breaker picker lap.. 
6.15 
6.49 
6.38 
6. 10 
5.48 
6.43 
5. .59 
6.60 
5.76 
6.04 
5.42 
6.60 
5.15 
6.72 
5.70 
5.48 
6.01 
Finisher picker lap. . 
6.21 
6.32 
5.70 
4.77 
6. 55 
5.70 
5.76 
6.26 
5.20 
6.10 
5.15 
5. ,54 
5.21 
6.26 
5.37 
6.72 
5.98 
5.15 
5.78 
Lap back of card 
6.43 
5.76 
6. 15 
5.32 
6.75 
5.84 
5.82 
6.32 
5. 59 
5.88 
5. 51 
6.21 
5.65 
6.26 
5.65 
6.43 
5.98 
5.48 
5.95 
Card sliver. .. 
6,43 
5,90 
6,04 
5,64 
6 84 
6,18 
5 46 
6,38 
5 98 
5 98 
5 90 
5 81 
5.70 
6.60 
6.04 
6,49 
5.90 
5.70 
6.05 
Breaker drawing 
sliver 
6. 32 
6.26 
6. 55 
5.48 
6.89 
5.99 
5. 65 
6.21 
6.04 
6.72 
6.26 
6. 32 
5.48 
6.66 
5. 70 
6.10 
6.10 
6.26 
6.17 
Finisher drawing 
sliver . _ 
6.49 
6.43 
6.84 
5.76 
6.49 
6.38 
5. 59 
5.76 
5. 54 
6.66 
6.32 
6.26 
5.71 
6. 55 
6.21 
6.32 
6.38 
5.93 
6.20 
Rovmg, fine frame,. 
6. 55 
6.32 
5.98 
6.60 
6.78 
6.32 
6.26 
5. 98 
5. 59 
6.43 
6.26 
6.10 
5.93 
6.55 
6.49 
6.66 
6.21 
6.10 
6.28 
Roving, creel of 
spinning 
7.99 
7.64 
7.41 
7. 35 
7.01 
8.11 
7.01 
7.46 
6.32 
7.35 
7.87 
7.24 
6.95 
6.72 
7.35 
7.52 
6.49 
7.12 
7.27 
Yarn 
9.17 
8.16 
8. 57 7. 87 
7.81 
8.99 
7.35 
8.75 
6. 95 8. 69 
8.45 
8.22 
7.35 
7.24 
8.57 
8.22 
7.35 
8.51 
8.12 
1 The amount of moisture that may be taken up by bone-dry cotton is called regain. The percentage of 
regain is determined by multiplying the amount of moisture taken up by 100 and dividing the result by the 
dry weight. 
