MANUFACTURING TESTS OF COTTON 
belong the motes and fly from the pickers and the cards. This waste 
is run through special machines which separate the trash from the 
short fibers. These fibers are used for various purposes, such as 
wadding and packing. In the case of low-grade cotton, however, 
even the flat strips may be found nonspinnable, in which event they 
are put to uses similar to those of motes and fly. 
Table 5. — Tare, 1 visible waste, and cotton removed from each 500-pound bale of the 
several grades 
Bale contents 
Grade 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
Pounds 
26.18 
449.82 
Pounds 
26.13 
449. 87 
Pounds 
28.66 
447.34 
Pounds 
29.80 
446.20 
Pounds 
35.65 
440.35 
Pounds 
38.46 
437.54 
Pounds 
49.31 
426. 69 
Pounds 
56.45 
419. 55 
Pounds 
68.73 
Cotton -. .- _ 
407.27 
1 Tare assumed to be 24 pounds in each case. Invisible waste disregarded. 
STRENGTH OF YARNS 
The cotton of each grade was manufactured into 22s warp yarn, 
28s filling yarn, and 28s two-ply soft twist yarn, the latter for the 
purpose of mercerization. The twist inserted in the 22s yarn was 19.9, 
21.1, and 22.3 turns per inch. Twenty-four skeins were reeled and 
tested from each twist of each grade, giving a total of 72 determina- 
tions for each grade. Thirty- two determinations were made by the 
single-strand method on the middle twist of each grade. These yarns 
were conditioned and tested on standard-speed motor-driven machines 
under an automatically controlled relative humidity of 65 per cent 
at a temperature of 70° F. 
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STRENGTH DATA 
Space forbids the inclusion in numerical form of complete data 
relating to each of the various strength tests, but in the case of 22s 
gray warp yarn spun from No. 5 eastern and western cottons, respec- 
tively, such complete data are given. (See sample Tables 6 and 7.) 
These tables are included in order to show the thoroughness of the 
tests. Data for all other strength tests were obtained in a similar 
manner, are on file, and copies will be furnished on request. This 
publication does include, however, graphic presentations of the 
results of each strength test made, each graph being based on obser- 
vations similar to those recorded in Tables 6 and 7. 
In plotting the data a series of parallel vertical grade lines, num- 
bered consecutively from 9 to 1 corresponding to the grades of the 
universal standards for American cotton, are drawn equal distances 
apart. The observed strength in pounds or ounces, as the case may 
be, is noted on the particular vertical grade line. These points have 
been connected for convenience in following the results of any one of 
the several comparative tests. 
