10 
BULLETIN 1488, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Figure 2 is a graphic presentation of the strength of 22s warp 
yarn spun from each grade of eastern upland cotton. The. dash 
line indicates the actual conditions, the point of intersection of the 
dash line with the vertical grade line being the average strength of 
the yarn produced from that particular grade. Strength does not 
follow the grade in all cases, but there is a tendency in that direction. 
Note that only grades No. 2 and No. 3 equaled or exceeded the new 
Draper standard, the well-known commercial standard developed 
as the result of much research at Hopedale, Mass. The solid line 
is the best representative straight line through the data and indi- 
cates that there is a tendency for the cotton to produce stronger 
yarn as the grade becomes better. 
Figure 3 is a graphic presentation of the strength of the yarn spun 
from the different grades of western upland cotton. Note that Nos. 
1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 exceeded the new Draper standard strength for 22s 
POUNDS 
PER 
SKEIN 
85 
1 1 
y Ne>v Proper Standard 
f 1 1 
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A. 
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X 
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s 
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80 
75 
70 
9 8765432 
GRADE NUMBERS 
Fig. 2.— Strength in pounds per skein of 22s gray warp yarn spun from eastern upland cotton. The 
crosses on the dash line indicate the average strength obtained from 72 observations, while the 
solid line "A" is the best representative line. Note the tendency for the strength to increase 
as the grades vary from No. 9 to No. 1. (See Table 8.) 
warp yarn. On an average, the western upland yarn was found to 
be 7.2 per cent stronger than the eastern, which may be due in part 
to adverse weather conditions which prevailed in the Southeast 
during the harvesting season of 1924. 
Length and character of staple may or may not be affected by 
conditions which influence grade. Grade is largely dependent upon 
climatic conditions, care exercised in picking or harvesting, and 
methods of ginning, whereas length and character are varietal char- 
acteristics. For instance, two bales of cotton may be of the same 
grade, but the yarn spun from one may be much weaker than that 
spun from the other, even though the manufacturing methods and 
conditions remain unchanged. Thus, the strength variation from 
the trend line (figs. 2, 3, and 4) may be attributed to these conditions. 
Figure 4 is a graphic presentation of the average strength obtained 
by combining the results of the 72 determinations of each grade of 
eastern and western lots (figs. 2 and 3). Note that in this case only 
