2 BULLETIN 1242, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
second place after the development of varieties resistant to yellows 
and black rot. The 10 States with greatest cabbage acreage in 1909 
were New York, Wisconsin, Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, 
Xew Jerse}^, Texas, Michigan, and California, ranking in the order 
named. In 1919 they were New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, 
Virginia, California, Florida, Texas, Michigan, Ohio, and New Jersey. 
The last census report and the annual acreage estimates for the 
United States show, for the decade 1910 to 1920, no sustained in- 
creases in the total acreage of cabbage. During the last 20 years 
Xew York, Virginia, and Iowa have decreased their acreage con- 
siderably; Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Colorado have doubled theirs; 
and Florida and California have added 6,000 acres to the early crop. 
Texas acreage has had a rapid but irregular growth, showing no 
net increase during the last census period, and varying in recent }~ears 
roughly from 5,000 to 16,000 acres. 
The trend has been toward development of cabbage sections 
farther from the consuming centers. On the other hand, the increase 
of cabbage production in the Middle West must be credited to con- 
sumption in the same region. This is indicated by the continued 
reappearance of New York cabbage on the Chicago market. Higher 
freight charges in recent years and transportation by motor trucks 
have tended to favor the marketing of home-grown cabbage in season, 
though the great bulk of the city supply still comes in car lots from 
more or less distant sections. 
Acreage and production of the leading cabbage States are shown 
in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 9. 
CLASSES, TYPES, AND VARIETIES. 
The market cabbage supply may be divided into three groups: 
(1) Eaily or southern; (2) late, main crop, northern or storage; (3) 
intermediate or mid-season. They are known mostly as early or 
late, with the mid-season usually classified as late. 
Early cabbage is harvested from January to July and may be 
either first-crop cabbage planted from December onward and har- 
vested early in the spring, or second crop of which there is a com- 
paratively small quantity planted in the fall and harvested in the 
winter. Nearly all of the early cabbage is of the early-maturing 
domestic type. According to snape it is known either as flat, such 
as Flat Dutch and its numerous related varieties, or pointed, such as 
the Wakefield under various names, the Early Jersey Wakefield . 
Charleston Wakefield, and the Winnigstadt, a somewhat later- 
maturing variety. 
The pointed varieties are much less compact than the Hat varieties 
(fig. 1) and constitute the bulk of the cabbage grown for early ship- 
ments. This cabbage is a market favorite because of its early maturity, 
its convenient size for family requirements, and the ease with which 
it may be packed in the roundish hampers commonly used for very 
early shipment. The flat varieties yield more heavily but mature 
somewhat later. 
The Late or main-crop cabbage, harvested from July to December, 
consists of two types: The domestic, Hat or roundish in shape, of 
winch the Enkhuizen, Succession, Mid Season, and Copenhagen 
Market are the besl known; and the Danish, with hard Ik-ihIs somc- 
what oval id shape, of which the Ballhead, Roundhead, and Cannon- 
