16 BULLETIN 1242, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
These sales are usually made f . o. b. shipping points on usual terms, 
which means that the cabbage is sold as loaded in the cars but subject 
to inspection at destination. The shipper attaches a draft to the 
bill ol lading, forwards both to a bank at destination or deposits 
them in his local bank for forwarding. The draft must be paid on 
acceptance of the car at destination, but rejections are possible and 
frequently occur when arrivals are heavy or the quality is poor. 
Large growers and growers' shipping associations may load their 
own cars and sell direct to city dealers. 
At most large shipping points are traveling buyers who do not, 
as a rule, buy wagonloads from growers but purchase carloads from 
resident dealers who are equipped for weighing the loads, putting 
up in crates, if required, and loading the cars. The percentage of 
the crop sold in this way varies with the section and the market. 
On a rising market opportunities to sell for cash are numerous. 
On a declining market there are seldom many cash bids. A number 
of cars are handled on joint account. In this case some receiver in a 
market center helps the local buyer and shipper to finance his pur- 
chases from growers, and the profits and losses are divided equally. 
CONSIGNMENTS. 
Some cabbage is consigned to city commission firms, especially 
when the markets are glutted and it is difficult to sell on wire orders 
or to cash buyers. This method is also used when the market is rising 
and indications are that consignment will bring better returns 
than f . o. b. selling. In either case the shipper takes all the risks 
and pays all the charges. Commission charges are 10 to 15 per 
cent of the sale price. Some buyers and a good many growers 
consign more or less cabbage, witli variable success. 
The grower or shipper who considers shipping car lots on com- 
mission should study the situation with care, noting the crop condi- 
tions, the volume of shipments from competing sections, the car- 
lot arrivals at the various consuming markets, and price tendency. 
From these he may forecast the probable state of the market by the 
time the shipment is offered for sale. Often a glutted market may 
be avoided by shipping to other cities or by waiting a few days until 
shipments are reported as decreasing. 
In some instances the resident dealers will not buy for cash and 
refuse to handle cabbage except as selling agents on the basis of a 
certain flat charge per ton, per car, or on a commission. 
COOPERATIVE SELLING. 
Cabbage is handled by cooperative associations in practically all 
producing States. The potato exchanges of New York and Michigan 
market cabbage, as do also vegetable associations in Colorado. 
[owa, Wisconsin, Oregon, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South 
Carloina, and Virginia. In the Rio Grande Valley a Dumber of 
associations, the greater part of whose shipments consisted of cabbage, 
were organized during 1911) and 1920. On account of the distance 
to market and unfavorable marketing conditions, the Texas associa- 
tions have had unusual difficulties and a number of them have gone 
out of business. 
Cabbage IS rarely sold by cooperative associations that handle 
this product exclusively, and no definite figures can be given as to 
