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24 BULLETIN 1360, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
bovine animal which is incapable of producing veal, belongs to one 
or another of the calf or cattle classes.. As a rule, 12 weeks is the 
maximum age for vealers, though there are exceptions to this. 
Some animals, because of a change in diet or in methods of handling, 
cease to be vealers and become calves at an earlier age. 
Vealer schedule 
Class Subclass Weight selection ; Grade } 
Choice or No. 1. 
Good or No. 2. 
Medium or No. 3. 
Common or No. 4. 
Cull or No. 5. 
Prime or No. Al. 
VWiealers sees Slaughter] eee Mediumweight— Choice or No. 1. 
; No. 2. 
Oto 180 pounds. pore ate 
Common or No. 4. 
Lightweight— 
110 pounds down = 
Prime or No. Al. 
Heavyweight— Choice or No. 1. 
180spoundssu pls == ee Good or No. 2. 
Medium or No. 3. 
1 Cull and common grades are omitted from the heavyweight group and cull from the mediumweight 
group of vealers, because experience has shown that animals meeting the requirements laid down for vealers 
and having attained sufficient weight to fallin either of these groups must almost invariably possess degrees 
of conformation, finish, and quality which would put them in higher grades than those omitted. 
SUBDIVISIONS GF VEALER SCHEDULE 
In the vealer schedule the proposition that class must be based on 
sex condition is abandoned. Strictly speaking, vealers constitute, 
not a class but an age selection. If vealers were divided into classes 
on the basis of sex condition, as are cattle and calves, it would serve 
no purpose except that of consistency and would materially extend 
the schedule. Ina very young animal sex condition has not had time 
to exert a material influence on conformation, finish, and quality. 
Hence all vealers are considered as a single class. 
There is only one subclass of vealers, called slaughter, because all 
vealers are either slaughtered or held until they become calves. 
There is no age selection in the vealer schedule for two reasons: 
(1) The term * ‘vealer” itself is an age selection and its definition 
confines the group within rather narrow age limits. (2) Whatever 
discrimination the trade makes on the basis of age is expressed in the 
various weight selections set forth in the schedule. 
Weight is a matter of considerably greater importance in vealers 
than in calves. Buyers make fine distinctions between vealers of dif- 
ferent weights. Therefore in the schedule, three weight groups ap- 
pear within the narrow limits of 80 pounds. The weight selections 
in vealers are lightweight, mediumweight. and heavyweight. The 
proper weight specifications appear after each. 
The grade schedule under vealers is comparable with that of other 
classes of animals already described and is based on the same con- 
siderations. 
SWINE 
For purposes of this schedule the term “swine” is used to desig: 
nate all domesticated animals commonly known as hogs or pigs. 
