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20 BULLETIN 1360, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
In this schedule. therefore, slaughter bulls, 2 years old and over, 
are divided into five grades—choice, good, medium, common, and 
cutter. It is believed that choice and good grades cover all bulls 
which heretofore have been inexactly called beef or butcher bulls. 
Medium and common grades, on the other hand, include what are 
familiarly known as bologna ‘bulls. It is believed that this method 
of handling the matter is more logical and more nearly represents 
the actual facts involved than do any of the schemes cf segregation 
used heretofore. This plan involves no change in existing methods 
of sorting, buying, and selling bulls. It simply constitutes a change 
in names or nomenclature. 
CALVES 
Calves constitute a group of bovine animals which have not 
attained sufficient age or maturity to be called “cattle” but which 
lave passed the * vealer ” stage. Stated differently a calf has passed 
the vealer? stage but has not attained sufficient ‘maturity to make 
reproduction possible. 
The meat produced by calves is neither beef nor veal but possesses 
some of the characteristics of both. Any bovine animal which does 
not show evidence of a whole-milk diet or some other diet which 
will produce meat wholly comparable with that produced by 
whole-milk diet, and which animal is not sufficiently mature to pro- 
duce beef according to the generally accepted definition of the term, 
is a calf. 
Calf schedule 
Class | Subclass | Weight selection | Grade 2 
Medium or No. oe 
Common or No. 4. 
Cull or No. 5. 
Light weight— 
Good or No. 2 
200spoumnds GOwil= ==. 2=-==-=— 
Choice or No. 1. 
Good or No. 2. 
Medium or No. 3. 
Common or No. 4. 
Cull or No. 5d. 
hen or No. 1. 
Mediumweight— 
Slaughter ------------ 200 to 300 pounds______--_-___- 
Good or No. 2. 
Medium or No. 3. 
Heavyweight— 
300; poundSup === 
Steer __------------- Common or No. 4. 
Fancy or No. Al. 
Lightweight Ghee ON 
SEU INOUTIGS COW accom eis ase Medium or No. 3. 
Common or No. 4. 
Feeder and stocker__-_-_ 
Fancy or No. Al. 
Choice or No. 1. 
Good or No. 2. 
Medium or No. 3 
Common or No. 4. 
| Heavy weight— 
350 POUNGSN pss ee 
a Tn the Slaughter subclass of all calf classes certain upper grades are omitted. In the lightweight groupS 
both choice and prime and in the medium and heavyweight selections prime grade are lacking. These 
omissions are necessitated by the fact that a calf, to possess a sufficiently high degree of conformation, quality, 
and finish, to grade choice or prime, must have attained some maturity; and, when it has attained such 
maturity, it will almost inevitably be too heavy to meet the weight limitations of the lightweight and 
mediumweight groups. 
* See definition of vealer on page 23. 
