16 
BULLETIN 594. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table II. — Leading wheat markets: Receipts, shipments, and flour production, in five- 
year averages (1911-1915) — Continued. 
Wheat. 
Wheat flour. 
Wheat and wheat 
flour. 
Principal wheat markets 
Disposition. 
Re- 
ceipts. 
Milled. 
De- 
shipped. 
Re- 
ceipts. 
Pro- 
duction. 
Ship- 
ments. 
Re- 
ceipts. 
Ship- 
ments. 
EASTERN AMD SOCTKEEN 
shipments — continued. 
Other markets — Continued. 
Portland. Me.— 
Domestic wheat 
Bushels. 
* 
7,074 
Bushels. 
Bushels. 
17,887 
* 
131 
135 
Barrels. 
Barrels. 
Barrels. 
U43 
* 
1533 
2 1,10S 
Bushels. 
Bushels. 
i S.531 
Canadian shipments 
in bond 
* 
197 
* 
7,960 
Mobile 
^2,429 
5. 035 
3.316 
9,349 
11,902 
6.215 
17:419 
1.334 
2 5, 670 
2 144 
2 1,260 
5.6S3 
3.316 
11,815 
11,902 
11,885 
19,651 
1,334 
5.121 
Denver 
PACIFIC COAST WHEAT. 
Seattle 3 
5.020 
6.044 
* 
4.67S 
41600 
i 24S 
13, 853 
54S 
* 
1,260 
496 
1,049 
1.343 
1,243 
1,4% 
1210 
997 
10.271 
11,332 
1 1, 193 
Taeoma 3 
Portland 2 , 
1^339 
Spokane 2 
* No reports. 
1 Exports. 
2 Figures for 1915 only. 
FREIGHT RATES. 
3 Averages for 1912-1915. 
Most important element in price disparities represented by transportation costs. 
Export prices of wheat influence farm prices. 
VTheat takes a special rate: complicated rate structure; effect of reshipping, 
distance, and milling-in-nansit rates on farm prices. 
The national wheat surplus, that is. the exports, constituted during 
the past 10 years, from 11 to 37 per cent of the production. It is 
the price received for this surplus which, broadly stated, tends to 
regulate the farm prices of the entire crop. Preceding maps have 
outlined the gradual elevation in the farm prices of wheat toward 
the seaboard, with minor increases culminating as each of the great 
markets is reached. In this progression a preponderant factor is 
cost of transportation, other items of distributive expense being 
usually in fractions of 1 cent per bushel. Evidently a definite pro- 
portion tends to exist between prices prevailing at the different 
markets, domestic and foreign, measured principally by differences 
in freight. In foreign markets tariffs often supervene to disturb 
this relationship. Prices paid to farmers for wheat tend to graduate 
from the markets in proportion to freight charges thereto. In 
surplus wheat areas farm prices decrease steadily with distance from 
markets, while in areas raising insufficient wheat for home needs 
prices are apt to be higher than they are near large markets, the 
increase in price being affected by freight rates from the nearest 
surplus points. 
