6 BULLETIN 594, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
should be added an approximately equal quantity, on an average;, 
going to the seaports for export, also less than 100 million bushels of 
Canadian wheat shipped in bond. The deficit would be considerably 
augmented by omitting Oklahoma with its production of 26 million 
and surplus of 12 million bushels. A total of the States raising 
insufficient wheat, regardless of sectional grouping, gives less than 
19 per cent of the wheat production and 68 per cent of the population. 
It is noteworthy that the merchant flour mills in the Atlantic and 
the Southern States mill over 25 per cent of the total wheat, as 
against 16 per cent of the wheat produced. These figures would be 
increased considerably by the addition of wheat ground in custom 
mills, particularly important in the South, but figures for which are 
not available. In this section the fraction which is shipped out 
of counties where grown is small, indicating that the bulk of the 
wheat raised is retained for local use and does not enter into trade 
channels. 
The production in the East North Central States is about offset by 
the requirements ; the single surplus State of Indiana brings up the 
average for the section, other States in this division usually being 
deficiency States. 
The residual territory west of the Mississippi, embracing the sur- 
plus wheat areas, produces some 550 out of the total 800 million 
bushels, or about 69 per cent, though it has but 38 per cent of the farm 
lands and 20 per cent of the total population. In this surplus wheat 
region the vast area in the Mountain States, of which only about 2 
per cent was improved in 1909, is as yet relatively unimportant as to 
surplus wheat, although developing at a rapid pace. The western 
surplus supplies the deficiency of the other sections as well as the bulk 
of the export wheat. A very small percentage is shipped via Canada, 
an increasing proportion moves toward the Gulf ports, and by far 
the larger part moves eastward, either milled en route or as wheat. 
Figure 1 is added to throw into relief the proportionate significance 
of factors in the table discussed. 
Reference to Table I will show that per capita wheat consumption 
declines as prices increase, ranging from 4 bushels per capita in some 
Southern States to 7.2 bushels in Montana and South Dakota. 
Note. — Differences in price as shown or discussed in this bulletin are not intended to refer to present 
war conditions; they are based upon prices for the years 1910 to 1914. 
