as BULLETIN 898, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
3. SAMPLING. 
The method of sampling given under (a) should be used whenever feasible. When 
method (a) is not applicable, method (6), (c), or (d) is to be used according to the 
special conditions that obtain. 
(a) While loading tank car or while filling containers for shipment.—Samples shall 
be drawn by the purchaser’s inspector at the discharge pipe where it enters the receiv- 
ing vessel or vessels. The composite sample shall be not less than 5 gallons and shall 
consist of small portions of not more than 1 quart each, taken at regular intervals during 
the entire period of loading or filling. 
The composite sample thus obtained shall be thoroughly mixed, and from it three 
samples of not less than 1 quart each shall be placed in clean, dry glass bottles or tin 
cans, which must be nearly filled with the sample and securely stoppered with new, 
clean corks or well-fitting covers or caps. . These shall be sealed and distinctly labeled 
by the inspector; one shall be delivered to the buyer, one to the seller, and the third 
held for check in case of dispute. 
(0) From loaded tank car or other large vessel.—The composite sample taken shall 
be not less than 5 gallons and shall consist of numerous small samples of not more than 
1 quart each, taken from the top, bottom, and intermediate points by means of a metal 
or glass container with removable stopper or top. This device, attached toa suitable 
pole, is lowered to the various desired depths when the stopper or top is removed, and 
the container allowed to fill. The sample thus obtained is handled as in (a). 
(c) Barrels and drums.—Barrels and drums shall be sampled after gaging contents. 
Five per cent of the packages in any shipment or delivery shall be represented in the 
sample. Thoroughly mix the contents of each barrel to be sampled by stirring with a 
clean rod and withdraw a portion from about the center by means of a “‘thief” or other 
sampling device. The composite sample thus obtained shall be not less than 3 quarts, 
shall consist of equal portions of not less than one-half pint from each package sampled, 
and shall be handled as in (a). Should the inspector suspect adulteration, he shall 
draw the samples from the suspected packages. 
(d) Small containers, cans, etc., of 10 gallons or less.—These should be sampled, 
while filling, by method (a) whenever possible; but in case this is impossible the com- 
posite sample taken shall be not less than 3 quarts. This shall be drawn from at least 
five packages (from all when fewer), and in no case from less than 2 per cent of the 
packages. The composite sample thus taken shall be thoroughly mixed and sub- 
divided as in (a). 
4, LABORATORY EXAMINATION. 
Samples will, in general, be tested by the following methods; but the purchaser 
reserves the right to apply any additional tests or use any available information to 
ascertain whether the material meets the specifications: 
(a) Appearance.—Examine to determine compliance with the specifications. 
(6b) Color.—Fill a 200-mm. perfectly flat-bottomed colorimeter tube, gradusted in 
millimeters, to a depth of from 40 to 50 mm. with the turpentine to be examined. 
Place the tube in a colorimeter and place on or under it a No. 2 yellow Lovibond 
glass. Over or undera second graduated tube in the colorimeter place a No. 1 yellow 
Lovibond glass and run in the same turpentine until the color matches es nearly as 
possible the color in the first tube. Read the difference in depth of the turpentine 
in the two tubes. If the difference is 50 mm. or more, the turpentine is “‘stand- 
ard’ or better. 
(c) Odor.—Determine by comparison with several samples of known purity, which 
have been kept in the dark in completely filled, well-stoppered bottles and are free from 
separated water. 
(d) Specific gravity.—Determine at 15.5°/15.5° C., in a pycnometer accurately 
standarized and having a capacity of at least 25 ce., or by any other equally accurate 
method. 
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