TURPENTINE. Bis 
Example 1: To find the net weight of turpentine in a tank car con- 
taining 8,450 gallons, the average temperature of which is 88° F.—A 
sample taken from the tank has a specific gravity at 75° F. of 0.862 
when measured with a hydrometer calibrated to give specific gravity 
at 20°/20° C. On consulting Table 8, on the line opposite 75° F. the 
value 0.8618, which is nearest the observed reading of 0.862, differing 
from it by 0.0002, is found. Reading down the column in which the 
figure 0.8618 was found, it is seen that this figure is equivalent to a 
specific gravity, at 15.5°/15.5° C. (60°/60° F.), of 0.8680. Since the 
observed reading of 0.8620 was greater by 0.0002 than the figure found 
in the table, the corresponding specific gravity at 15.5°/15.5° C. 
will also be greater by 0.0002, or 0.8682. ‘Table 5 shows that at 
88° F. the weight per gallon corresponding to a specific gravity, at 
15.5°/15.5° C., of 0.8680 is 7.1219 pounds, and for a specific gravity 
of 0.8690 it is 7.1301 pounds. The difference in weight corresponding 
to a difference in specific gravity of 0.0010 is 0.0082 pounds, equiv- 
alent to 0.0016 pounds for a difference of 0.0002 in specific gravity. 
Then for a specific gravity of 0.8682, the weight per gallon at 88° F. is 
7.1219 + 0.0016 =7.1235 pounds, and the total weight of turpentine 
in the car is 60,194 pounds (8450 X 7.1235). 
Example 2: To determine the gallonage at the standard temperature 
of 15.5° C. (60° F.) of a tank car of turpentine containing 9,975 gallons 
at a temperature of 40° C., with a specific gravity of 31.2° Bé. at 60° 
F’.—¥From Table 6 it is seen that a specific gravity of 31.2° Bé. is 
equivalent to 0.8685 at 60°/60° F. From Table 5 it is seen that 
such a turpentine at 40° F. weighs 7.3070 pounds per gallon, and at 
60° F. would weigh 7.2318 pounds per gallon. Then the gallonage at 
60° F. could be obtained by dividing the total net weight at 40° F. by 
eee eesty equal to 10,079 gal- 
the weight per gallon at 60° F. or 79318 
lons at 60° F 
EFFECT OF STORAGE. 
No marked change in the composition and properties of turpen- 
tine occurs when it is stored in completely filled tanks or in filled 
barrels for as long as from 12 to 18 months. When stored for some 
time in partially filled iron tanks, however, it has a tendency to be- 
come oxidized and changed in composition, which causes it to thicken, 
resulting in a higher specific gravity and boiling point, with corre- 
spondingly lower percentages distilling below any usually designated 
temperature. The specific gravity of turpentine at 15.5°/15.5° C. 
(the temperature at which specific gravity is usually determined) 
may increase to 0.885 or more when stored under these conditions, 
while the percentage distilling up to 170° C. may be less than 90. As 
a rule, when the specific gravity of a turpentine is more than 0.875 
