TURPENTINE. a by 
with the acid must not be exposed to the air any longer than abso- 
lutely necessary. A man should not remain in such a tank for more 
than four hours a day, and for an even shorter period if he begins to 
feel unsteady, or if his muscles become ‘‘jerky.’’ Continued work, 
day after day, in a tank with a wood alcohol paint should be avoided, 
as the poisonous effects of wood alcohol are cumulative. 
VOLUME OF CONTENTS. 
When turpentine is shipped in tank cars it is customary to fill to 
the dome and accept the marked capacity in gallons of the car as 
correct. Should the turpentine contract, as it will when the tempera- 
ture falls, the car is no longer full to the dome. The contents are 
then determined, usually by measuring the outage, 1. e., the distance 
from the apex of the shell of the tank to the surface of the liquid. 
An outage table for the particular tank in use, furnished by the com- 
pany owning the car, must then be consulted, or the outage may be 
calculated as shown on pages 22 to 26. The noted gallonage should 
then be corrected to the standard temperature, 60° F. (15.5° C.), in 
accordance with the directions given on page 44. 
CALCULATION OF CAPACITY AND OUTAGE OF TANKS. 
Practically all tank cars in use on American railroads are listed in 
Boyd’s Register, which gives their official gaged capacity. Outage 
tables are also usually supplied to lessees of tank cars by the owners. 
Many turpentine operators, however, use horizontal cylindrical 
tanks, such as discarded tanks from tank cars, for storage of turpen- 
tine, so that frequently it becomes desirable to be able to calculate the 
capacity or outage of a tank. The following outline of the procedure 
necessary to obtain these results is therefore included in this bulletin. 
In the case of cylindrical upright tanks with flat ends, the calcula- 
tion of the total capacity and the volume of contents, or in partially 
filled tanks, the empty space, called ‘outage,’ is comparatively 
simple. The capacity of the tank in cubic inches is obtained by 
multipiymeg the height of the tank, in inches, by the area of the cross 
section (the square of half the inside diameter of the tank, or radius 
in inches, multiplied by the factor 3.1416). To convert the result. 
into gallons, it is divided by 231 (the number of cubic inchesina 
gallon). The formula then is as follows: 
SATO ce? <A : 
The quantity of liquid in such a tank, and the outage may be cal- 
culated in the same way. In the first case the depth in inches of the 
Cap acity = 
: liquid, and in the latter case the distance from the top of the tank to 
the surface of the liquid, is used in place of the total depth in inches 
of the tank. 
474°—20——3 
