TURPENTINE. 13 
plus the excess outage which is charged against the operator as for 
‘“‘nacking.”’ If no packing charge is shown on the account sales, it 
signifies that the barrels were properly filled to within 1 gallon of 
their capacity at the time of gaging. 
LEAKAGE. 
Whenever a barrel containing turpentine shows signs of leaking, 
or has any defects, such as a broken stave, it is necessary for the 
inspector to ‘‘turn’’ the turpentine into a sound, tight barrel. 
Neither the dealer nor the transportation company will accept tur- 
pentine in a defective or leaky barrel. If the barrel is sound, and is 
leaking only, the seller pays merely to have the barrel turned, which 
is really the cost of reglueing the barrel. If, however, there is a 
broken stave, the charges cover the time and service of a cooper to 
replace the broken stave, in addition to the regluéeing of the repaired 
barrel. 
ALLOWANCE FOR TEMPERATURE. 
As a rule, in gaging the volume of the contents of a barrel of tur- 
pentine, no correction is made for the effect of temperature on the 
volume. Although this difference may be ignored on a single bar- 
rel, it can not be disregarded in large transactions. The corrections 
for different temperatures on a 50-gailon barrel, therefore, have been 
compiled (Table 1) to enable turpentine gagers to correct approxi- 
mately for the expansion or contraction of the turpentine in a barrel 
of 50 gallons, gaged at any temperature above or below the standard 
temperature of 60° F. It is based on the average coefficient of 
expansion for pure turpentine of 0.000525 per degree Fahrenheit. 
Since it is customary to gage to the nearest quarter gallon, this is the 
smallest unit considered in the table. The correction on a volume of 
49 gallons is essentially the same as on one of 51 gallons. For sim- 
plicity, therefore, the corrections given have been calculated on a 
volume of 50 gallons, which is the average content of a barrel of tur- 
pentine. The correction for any particular temperature is given as 
the quarter gallon nearest the true calculated correction on a volume 
of 50 gallons at that temperature. Thus, Table 1 will answer all 
practical purposes in gaging turpentine in barrels. 
TarLE 1.—Corrections to gaged contents of a cask of turpentine to obtain true gage at 
standard temperature, 60° F. 
Correc- Correc= 
d tion to 
Observed temperature of ae Observed temperature of volume 
turpentine. turpentine. as gaged 
as based sub- 
tract— 
aoe pel Gallons. 2; OTR: | Gallons. 
—12.0to— 8.5 |10to17 1} +18.5 to +23.5 65 to 74 4 
— 8.0to — 3.5 | 18 to 26 1 +24.0 to +28.5 75 to 83 3 
— 3.0to+ 2.0 | 27t036 3 +29.0to +34.0 | 84to 93 3 
+ 2.5to+ 7.0 |37to0 45 5 +34.5 to +39.0 | 94to 102 1 
se pe aay ve ae < 4 +39.5 to +44.5 | 103 to 112 14 
0 to +18. (0) one. 
