8 BULLETIN 898, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
States, usually store their turpentine in large iron tanks, and ship in 
tank cars holding from 5,000 to 10,000 gallons, as they receive orders 
for the material. These shipments are made either to the ultimate 
consumer or to large dealers having storage facilities at northern 
consuming centers. 
Barrels or drums obviously are better adapted to the use of the \) 
small producer or dealer than tank cars, and offer the shipper the 
further advantage of the lower freight rates charged for transporta-. 
tion by water. They have, however, the disadvantage of increasing 
the chances for loss by leakage and breakage, and the consequent 
charges for transferring the contents to tight, sound barrels. Ship- 
ping in tank cars is more economical in the long run, as it saves the 
cost of the barrel, insures a product more uniform in color, composi- 
tion, and specific gravity, and lessens the danger of loss from leakage. 
The smaller producer, who ships his turpentine to the primary 
market, consigns it to a merchant, known in the trade as a “factor,” 
who acts as a commission merchant, and sells the turpentine for the 
producer to the dealer or exporter. The factors, with but one or 
two exceptions, do not buy or sell any turpentine on their own ac- 
count, except in so far as they may be financially interested in places 
whose accounts they handle. <A few factors act also as dealers and 
exporters, purchasing direct from the producer and selling direct 
to the consumer. 
GLUEING BARRELS. 
Turpentine will readily penetrate through the staves of an ordi- 
nary wooden barrel. It is therefore necessary to coat the inner 
surface of the barrel with ordinary glue, which is insoluble in turpen- 
tine but readily soluble in water. Turpentine soon leaks out from 
a barrel that has been carelessly or improperly glued, as well as from 
one containing any water, regardless of how well the glue was prepared 
or applied. Consequently, great care must be taken in preparing 
the glue and applying it to the barrel, and finally also in so filling 
the barrel with turpentine that no water gets into it. 
DIRECTIONS FOR GLUEING. 
As arule, glue makers furnish with their product a formula showing 
the proper proportions of glue and water. The following formula is 
recommended by one of the largest producers of animal glue: 
Glue; (pounds) ss. 8.253. 65.02 ease oe ee ee ee ee 20 
Water \(gallons)22 2.2 ho Sec. c he oe te SLs eo eee 8 
Commercial borax (mould?) = 9s 5 ae ee ee ee 4 
Commercial elycerimi(poumd)) 2-2 yee ae See ete eee 3 
Late in the afternoon place the quantity of glue required for the 
next day’s work in a perfectly clean jacketed, or double boiler glue 
kettle, cover with the proper quantity of clean cold water, and allow - 
1The glycerin is added to make the glue more elastic, and may be omitted if Ane directions for pre- 
paring the giue here given are carefully followed. 
