6 BULLETIN 386, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
in 1909 to 39.3 per cent in 1914 was due to the fact that many of 
these roads have been surface-treated and are now classed as bitumi- 
nous macadam or bituminous-treated roads. 
Of the 11,942.8 miles surfaced from the close of 1909 to the close 
of 1914, 9,629.82, which excludes second-class township roads in 
Pennsylvania, are classified as follows: 3,539.15, or 37 per cent, were 
treated with bitumen in some form; 1,992.75, or 20.5 per cent, were 
plain macadam; 2,501.32, or 26 per cent, were plain gravel; 485.95, 
or 5 per cent, were brick or concrete; and 1,110.65, or 11.5 per cent 
were of other materials. This indicates conclusively that in the sec- 
tions of country where heavy automobile traffic prevails, the old 
standard type of waterbound macadam has had its day. 
Detailed information on the mileage of improved surfaces, by years 
and States, is shown in Table 5. 
Table 5. — Percentage by types of surfaced-road mileage. 
State. 
Year. 
Mac- 
adam. 
Gravel. 
Bitumi- 
nous. 
Brick. 
Concrete. 
Other 
materials. 
1904 
1909 
1914 
1904 
1909 
1914 
1904 
1909 
1914 
37.2 
36.1 
38.0 
78.4 
76.8 
30.7 
100.0 
82.1 
i 63.9 
62.8 
63.9 
37.1 
17.2 
17.0 
48.5 
20.0 
1.0 
1.6 
2.2 
6.2 
7.0 
4.3 
9.5 
13.0 
1 7.9 
4.9 
16.7 
19.1 
2 12.4 
i State highways only. 2 Concrete, stone block, flint, and stone. 
DETAILED INFORMATION BY STATES. 
Detailed information regarding sources and amounts of revenues, 
bonds issued and outstanding, mileage of improved and unimproved 
roads, systems of* administration, and other factors affecting road 
improvement are presented in the following chapters for New York, 
New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, respectively. 
NEW JERSEY. 
By E. M. Vail, U. S. Collaborator. 
New Jersey is one of the most thickly populated States in the 
Union and consequently has more wealth and more miles of roads 
to the square mile of area than most of the other States where towns 
and cities and their connecting highways are of more recent con- 
struction. 
The first roads of New Jersey were merely bridle paths or Indian 
trails. These were crooked and circuitous, and as the years passed 
they were widened with the increasing westward trend of settlement 
