STATUS OF PASTEURIZATION OF MILK. 25 
bor the diphtheria organisms and discharge them from the nose or 
throat. Typhoid carriers discharge typhoid bacilli in their feces or 
urine. Diphtheria carriers may become so after having an acute 
attack of the disease or from other carriers. Typhoid carriers are 
particularly important, because from 2 to 4 per cent of the persons 
who have had typhoid fever continue, as evidence shows, to discharge 
the typhoid bacilli in their feces or urine or both and become chronic 
carriers. 
Persons suffering from sore throat are a menace to the milk 
supply, and probably the organisms responsible for septic sore throat 
are sometimes carried in the throat of apparently normal individuals. 
Tt is manifestly impossible to have a medical examination of all per- 
sons engaged in producing and handling milk. Yet such examinations 
at frequent intervals would be necessary, together with tuberculin 
testing and the assurance of unpolluted water supplies on every farm, 
in order to safeguard the milk supply of the Nation to the same 
extent that is now possible by proper pasteurization. The apprecia- 
tion of the need for pasteurization is distinctly shown by the marked 
increase in pasteurization in the United States. 
REFERENCES TO LITERATURE. 
ANDERSON, A. K., and FINKELSTEIN, R. 
(1) 1919. A study of the electro-pure process of treating milk. Jn Jour. 
Dairy Science, v. 2, no. 5, p. 374-406. 
Ayegs, S. H., and JoHNSON, W. T., jr. 
(2) 1910. The bacteriology of commercially pasteurized and raw market 
milk. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Bul. no. 126. 
(3) 1913. A study of the bacteria which survive pasteurization. U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Bul. no. 161. 
(4) 1914. Ability of streptococci to survive pasteurization. Jn U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, v. 2, no. 4, p. 321-3830. 
(5) 1914. The destruction of bacteria in milk by ultra-violet rays. Jn 
Centbl. Bakt. [ete.], Abt. 2, Bd. 40, No. 1/8, p. 109-131. 
(6) 1915. Ability of colon bacilli to survive pasteurization. Jn U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, v. 3, no. 5, p. 401-410. 
and Davis, B. J. 
(7) 1918. The thermal death point and limiting hydrogen ion concentra- 
tion of pathogenic streptococci. In Jour. Infec. Diseases, y. 23, no. 
3, p. 290-300. 
BEATTIE, J. M. 
(8) 1916. The electrical treatment of milk for infant feeding. Jn Jour. 
State Med., London, v. 24, no. 4, p. 97-118. 
(9) 1920. On the destruction of bacteria in milk by electricity. Gt. Brit. 
Med. Research Committee, Spec., Rpt. no. 49. 
BoweEN, J. T. 
(10) 1914. The cost of pasteurizing milk and cream. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Bul. no. 85. 
