THE BY-PRODUCTS OF RICE MILLING. 3 
kernel as possible, as broken riee sells for less and is graded lower 
than whole rice. It is worth noting that the breaking by the stones 
usually is lengthwise rather than transverse. Many of the transverse 
breaks are already in the rice when it arrives at the mill. 
Stone reel. — From the stones the mixture of hulled rice, unhullcd 
rice, and hulls goes to the so-called " stone reel." This reel is a 
large revolving, octagonal framework covered with wire screens, the 
square meshes of which are usually 14 to the linear inch. Both finer 
and coarser meshes are sometimes used. The fine material passing 
through this screen consists of broken hulls, germs, and true bran. 
It is termed "stone-reel bran." The rice and hulls passing over the 
stone reel are conducted to a monitor which removes the loose hulls 
by suction. 
Paddy machine. — The rice stream goes to the "paddy machine, " a 
device for separating the rough from the hulled rice. This machine 
consists of a large, mechanically-operated box shaker with zigzag 
divisions formed by vertical metallic plates. These plates, together 
with the shaking, aid gravity in making a separation of the lighter, 
unhulled grains from the heavier, hulled grains. The rough-rice 
grains gradually move upward from the center feed and pass over the 
machine into a trough, while the heavier, hulled grains are collected 
under the lower side. The unhulled or "paddy" grains go to a pair 
of auxiliary stones similar to the first stones, but set somewhat 
closer together. The stream from these stones reenters the main 
stream going to the stone reel. 
Hullers. — The natural brown rice from the clean-rice side of 
the paddy machine 4s conducted to a set of so-called "first-break 
hullers." The name "huller" applied to these machines is mis- 
leading, as their purpose is to remove the bran layers from the grain 
which already has been hulled. The huller consists of a grooved, 
tapering cylinder revolving within a concentric hollow cylinder so 
spaced as to rub loose a portion of the bran coat with as little breaking 
of the grain as possible. In outward appearance it resembles a 
large sausage machine. 
After leaving the first set of hullers the loosened bran is separated 
in its passage through the first-break reel and constitutes the first- 
break bran. The rice goes to a second set of hullers similar to the 
first set, but adjusted to bring the parts more closely together, so as 
to remove a further portion of the bran coat. Again the stream 
passes through a reel which separates out the second-break bran. 
Pearling cone. — In some mills the bran is removed more gradually 
and some millers believe that the breakage is reduced by the use of 
a machine known as a "pearling cone." This machine consists of a 
frustum of a cone covered with a composition stone which is sur- 
