70 
BULLETIN 126, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
that all work was done by force account. The prices for labor and 
material indicate that the work was done considerably cheaper than 
in the previous year. Laborers were procured for $2 per day without 
board and men with teams for $4 per day each. Cement cost $2.95 
per barrel delivered at the work. 
BELGO-CANADIAN FRUIT LANDS, KELOWNA, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
About 3,000 feet of this company's main canal, 11 miles long, and 
about 4 miles of its lateral ditches have been recently lined with 
concrete to prevent seepage losses in a porous soil. On the main 
canal a 3-inch thickness of lining has been used for a finished section 
having a bottom width of 3.5 feet, depth 3.75 feet, and side slopes of 
| to 1. Lateral finings are 2 J to 3 inches thick on slopes, with a 3- 
inch thickness on bottoms which vary in width from 9 inches to 2 feet. 
After excavating the channel to be lined, a drain filled with loose 
rock or gravel was made beneath the bed. Cross drains from this 
through the lower bank were placed at 500-foot intervals. The forms 
shown in figure 7 were 
\J then set and bolted 
together. G a 1 v a n - 
ized-iron plates placed 
outside the forms were 
spaced with pieces of 
lumber, and after the 
earth was back-filled 
and tamped behind 
the plates concrete 
was poured between 
them and the forms. 
The galvanized plates 
and spacing pieces were withdrawn as the space was filled with con- 
crete. The bottom of the ditch was then floated in and the edges 
smoothed, using for this purpose the excess concrete which had passed 
over the forms. The forms were left in place 48 hours. 
Curves were made by using special short forms having the outer 
edge superelevated \ to 1 inch according to the degree of curvature. 
In placing the concrete around sharp curves, special galvanized 
plates were used to close the gap at the outer edge of the forms. 
No cost data could be secured on the fining of the main canal. 
The cost of lining laterals per square foot and exclusive of excavation 
varied from $0,118 in the larger to $0,142 in the smaller ones. These 
costs include excavation, back-filling, rock drains, and supervision. 
The work was done late in the fall when protection against frost 
increased the cost. Cement cost $3.75 per barrel delivered, common 
labor $2.75 per day, and skilled labor $4 per day. 
— -3'e 
Fig. 7. — Section of form used for placing concrete lining, Belgo- 
Canadian fruit lands, Kelowna, British Columbia. 
