76 BULLETIN 126, Xj. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
forms removed. The slopes were then covered with burlap and kept 
moistened as described. The construction methods used on this 
canal are shown in Plate XI, figures 1, 2, and 3. 
A tapering strip of wood, as shown in figure 3, \ forms the expan- 
sion and contraction joint between each section of concrete. The 
specifications called for the removal of these strips and the filling of 
the spaces with hot asphalt, but this was not done. 
YAKIMA PROJECT, UNITED STATES RECLAMATION SERVICE, NORTH YAKIMA, WASH. 
The Tieton main canal, located in the canyon division of this 
project, was provided for 10 miles of its length with concrete lining. 
Actual work commenced in 1907 and was finished in 1909. The 
steepness of the cross slopes, involving large excavation quantities 
per square foot of water area, and the lack of water-tightness in the 
material, made necessary an impervious canal and one that would 
6 - „ withstand a high 
I," / _ Canr.rp.tf _ ' i C rossbar ,-4' , . rn , 
'.bars 'u */o - ^ ^__r7_zr7Z-7Z^7zz^^=^ * velocity. lnese re- 
, W iW ( l uirements ' together 
w ^li*mmw<*^ l -St —'—'—-imm^f with a largely inac- 
y^^~ ~~SSt /' r c.tcc* ] (SctrTy^ cessible locality ha\ 
A 9 p^ 3 ^^Shirr^e. ing difficult working 
# conditions, compelled 
Tamoed , * 
tlie use of a minimum 
&'-" • -••- volume of lining, 
Fig. 10.— Cross section of open concrete-lined canal, Yakima project, which it seemed ad- 
TT. S. Reclamation Service, North Yakima, Wash. . 
vis able to make of 
molded concrete shapes cast in central yards. The cross section used 
for canals is shown in figure 10 and a portion of the constructed 
canal in figure 1 1 . 
Curves of 57.6 feet radius were the maximum curvature used, and 
in some cases these were reversed with only a foot or two of tangent 
between. The canal was intended to have a carrying capacity of 
300 second-feet. 
The concrete aggregate was river gravel and sand and crushed 
gravel. The cost of manufacture of the lining per cubic yard was: 
Cost of manufacture of lining for Tieton Canal. 
Labor m. 094 
Material (cement and steel) 9. 370 
Plant charge 4. 579 
Engineering and inspection 324 
General 2. S30 
Total 23. 197 
The cost of placing and jointing a total of 49,494 lineal feet, includ- 
ing 23,295 shapes, raised the above cost to $32.05 per cubic yard, or 
$7.42 per lineal foot. 
